{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T11:58:57Z","timestamp":1775303937724,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,1]],"date-time":"2003-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1049155200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A collection of ten strains of\n            <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            O139, comprising six isolates from\n            <jats:italic>Eichhornia crassipes<\/jats:italic>\n            , two from water of the River Ganga, and one each from a well and a hand pump, were characterized. All the strains carried the CTX genetic element (\n            <jats:italic>ctxA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>zot<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>ace<\/jats:italic>\n            ) except for the\n            <jats:italic>st<\/jats:italic>\n            gene and carried structural and regulatory genes for toxin-coregulated pilus (\n            <jats:italic>tcpA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>tcpI<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>toxR<\/jats:italic>\n            ), adherence factor (\n            <jats:italic>ompU<\/jats:italic>\n            ), and accessory colonization factor (\n            <jats:italic>acfB<\/jats:italic>\n            ); all produced cholera toxin (CT). These strains were resistant to trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and to the vibriostatic agent pteridine. Results obtained by ribotyping and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-PCR fingerprint analysis indicate that multiple clones of toxigenic-pathogenic\n            <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n            <jats:italic>cholerae<\/jats:italic>\n            O139 were present in the aquatic environment.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.69.4.2389-2394.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,4]],"date-time":"2003-04-04T06:42:22Z","timestamp":1049438542000},"page":"2389-2394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Molecular Characterization of\n            <i>Vibrio cholerae<\/i>\n            O139 Bengal Isolated from Water and the Aquatic Plant\n            <i>Eichhornia crassipes<\/i>\n            in the River Ganga, Varanasi, India"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Bhanumathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Sabeena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sree Renjini","family":"Isac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. N.","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. V.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"704.","volume":"341","year":"1993","unstructured":"Albert, M. J., A. K. Siddique, M. S. Islam, A. S. G. Faruque, M. Ansaruzzaman, S. M. Faruque, and R. B. Sack. 1993. Large outbreak of clinical cholera due to Vibrio cholerae non-O1 in Bangladesh. Lancet341:704.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barua D. 1992. History of cholera p. 1-36. In D. Barua and W. B. Greenough (ed.) Cholera. Plenum Publishing Co. 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