{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T20:41:44Z","timestamp":1791319304993,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates were obtained from common host sources of fecal pollution and characterized by using repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) PCR fingerprinting. The genetic relationship of strains within each host group was assessed as was the relationship of strains among different host groups. Multiple isolates from a single host animal (gull, human, or dog) were found to be identical; however, in some of the animals, additional strains occurred at a lower frequency. REP PCR fingerprint patterns of isolates from sewage (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 180), gulls (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 133), and dairy cattle (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 121) were diverse; within a host group, pairwise comparison similarity indices ranged from 98% to as low as 15%. A composite dendrogram of\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            fingerprint patterns did not cluster the isolates into distinct host groups but rather produced numerous subclusters (approximately &gt;80% similarity scores calculated with the cosine coefficient) that were nearly exclusive for a host group. Approximately 65% of the isolates analyzed were arranged into host-specific groups. Comparable results were obtained by using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), where PFGE gave a higher differentiation of closely related strains than both PCR techniques. These results demonstrate that environmental studies with genetic comparisons to detect sources of\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            contamination will require extensive isolation of strains to encompass\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            strain diversity found in host sources of contamination. These findings will assist in the development of approaches to determine sources of fecal pollution, an effort important for protecting water resources and public health.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.69.5.2587-2594.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,5]],"date-time":"2003-05-05T22:24:13Z","timestamp":1052173453000},"page":"2587-2594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Genetic Characterization of\n            <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n            Populations from Host Sources of Fecal Pollution by Using DNA Fingerprinting"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Sandra L.","family":"McLellan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Great Lakes WATER Institute, University of Wisconsin\u2014Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette D.","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Great Lakes WATER Institute, University of Wisconsin\u2014Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alissa K.","family":"Salmore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Great Lakes WATER Institute, University of Wisconsin\u2014Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.4.1503-1507.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1593025"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/98.3.467"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1999. Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases Pulse Net: The National Molecular Subtyping Network of Foodborne Disease Surveillance. One-day (24-48 h) standardized laboratory protocol for molecular subtyping Escherichia coli O157:H7 by pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Ga."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-47-3-227"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.6.2572-2577.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.11.2977-2980.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-145-10-2673"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-5-1079"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.6.2690-2698.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.12.5522-5531.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ge.18.120184.000335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.9.3698-3704.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/517409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.2.265-273.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.6.1702-1708.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.5.4.408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1981.tb00903.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/146.3.745"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.6.1661-1669.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.7.3142-3147.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"Rademaker J. L. W. and F. J. de Bruijn. 1997. Characterization and classification of microbes by rep-PCR genomic fingerprinting and computer-assisted pattern analysis p. 151-171. In G. Gaetano-Anolles and P. M. Gresshoff (ed.) DNA markers: protocols applications and overviews. J. Wiley and Sons New York N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadowsky M. J. and H. Hur. 1998. Use of endogenous repeated sequences to fingerprint bacterial genomic DNA p.398-413. In F. J. de Bruijn and J. R. Lupski (ed.) Bacterial genomes: physical structure and analysis. Chapman and Hall New York N.Y.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-6369-3_32"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6999623"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"Selander R. K. D. A. Caught and T. S. Whittam. 1987. Genetic structure and variation in natural populations of Escherichia coli p. 1625-1648. In F. C. Neidhardt (ed.) Escherichia coli and Salmonella : cellular and molecular biology vol. 2. American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.8.3373-3385.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.33.9.2233-2239.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"Toranzos G. A. and G. A. McFeters. 1997. Detection of indicator microorganisms in environmental fresh waters and drinking waters p. 184-194. In C. J. Hurst G. R. Knudsen M. J. McInerney L. D. Stetzenbach and M. V. Walter (ed.) Manual of environmental microbiology. American Society for Microbiology Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2000. Improved enumeration methods for recreational water quality indicators: enterococci and Escherichia coli . EPA\/821\/R-97\/004. Office of Science and Technology Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.24.6823"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.6.1751"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.8.3483-3486.1999"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.69.5.2587-2594.2003","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.69.5.2587-2594.2003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T14:08:45Z","timestamp":1645625325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.69.5.2587-2594.2003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.69.5.2587-2594.2003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.69.5.2587-2594.2003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2002-08-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-01-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-05-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}