{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:19:23Z","timestamp":1792199963484,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Eradication of poliomyelitis from large metropolis cities in India has been difficult due to high population density and the presence of large urban slums. Three paralytic poliomyelitis cases were reported in Mumbai, India, in 1999 and 2000 in spite of high immunization coverage and good-quality supplementary immunization activities. We therefore established a systematic environmental surveillance study by weekly screening of sewage samples from three high-risk slum areas to detect the silent transmission of wild poliovirus. In 2001, from among the 137 sewage samples tested, wild poliovirus type 1 was isolated from 35 and wild poliovirus type 3 was isolated from 1. Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance indicated one case of paralytic poliomyelitis from the city. Phylogenetic analysis with complete VP1 sequences revealed that the isolates from environmental samples belonged to four lineages of wild polioviruses recently isolated from poliomyelitis cases in Uttar Pradesh and not to those previously isolated from AFP cases in Mumbai. Wild poliovirus thus introduced caused one case of paralytic poliomyelitis. The virus was detected in environmental samples 3 months before. It was found that wild polioviruses introduced several times during the year circulated in Mumbai for a limited period before being eliminated. Environmental surveillance was found to be sensitive for the detection of wild poliovirus silent transmission. Nucleotide sequence analysis helped identify wild poliovirus reservoir areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.69.5.2919-2927.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,5]],"date-time":"2003-05-05T22:24:13Z","timestamp":1052173453000},"page":"2919-2927","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Environmental Surveillance System To Track Wild Poliovirus Transmission"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Jagadish M.","family":"Deshpande","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Enterovirus Research Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushmitha J.","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enterovirus Research Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaeem A.","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Enterovirus Research Centre, Parel, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Adams T. 2000. Farewell to polio in the Western Pacific. Bull. W. H. O. 78: 1375."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Albertsson P. 1967. Two phase separation of viruses p. 303-321. In K. Maramorosch and H. Koprowski (ed.) Methods in Virology vol. 2. Academic Press New York N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"221","volume":"77","year":"2002","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2002. Certification of poliomyelitis eradication, European region, June 2002. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rep.77:221-228.","journal-title":"Wkly. Epidemiol. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"98","volume":"77","year":"2002","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2002. Progress towards the global eradication of poliomyelitis, 2001. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rep.77:98-107.","journal-title":"Wkly. Epidemiol. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"738","volume":"50","year":"2001","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2001. Progress towards poliomyelitis eradication\u2014South-East Asia, January 2000-June 2001. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.50:738-751.","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.3.562-571.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"289","volume":"103","year":"1996","unstructured":"Deshpande, J. M., V. K. Rao, M. V. Karnataki, S. S. Nadkarni, V. K. Saxena, R. R. Karambelkar, S. G. Ramdasi, K. S. Patil, and J. J. Rodrigues. 1996. Absence of wild poliovirus circulation among healthy children in a rural area with high oral poliovirus vaccination coverage. Indian J. Med. Res.103:289-293.","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Expanded Programme on Immunization. 1997. Manual for virological investigation of polio. WHO\/EPI\/GEN\/97.01. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"101","volume":"127","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hovi, T., M. Stenvik, H. Partanen, and A. Kangas. 2001. Poliovirus surveillance by examining sewage specimens. Quantitative recovery of virus after introduction into sewerage at remote upstream location. Epidemiol. Infect.127:101-106.","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hull B. P. and W. R. Dowdle. 1997. Poliovirus surveillance: building the global polio laboratory network. J. Infect. Dis. 175 (Suppl. 1) : S113-S116.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/175.Supplement_1.S113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92472-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"663","volume":"67","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kim-Farley, R. J., K. H. Dave, J. Sokhey, and V. B. Mandke. 1989. Poliomyelitis surveillance and vaccine efficacy in Bombay. Bull. W. H. O.67:663-667.","journal-title":"Bull. W. H. O."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.6.1670-1675.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"94","volume":"65","year":"1999","unstructured":"Manor, Y., R. Handsher, T. Halmut, M. Neuman, B. Abramovitz, A. Mates, and E. Mendelson. 1999. A double-selective tissue culture system for isolation of wild-type poliovirus from sewage applied in a long-term environmental surveillance. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.65:94-97.","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Melnick J. L. 1985. Enteroviruses: polioviruses coxsackieviruses echoviruses and newer enteroviruses p. 739-794. In B. N. Fields D. M. Knipe R. M. Chanock J. L. Melnick B. Roizman and R. E. Shope (ed.) Virology. Raven Press New York N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90690-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(81)90448-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Pan American Health Organization. 1994. Final report of the 3rd Meeting of the International Commission for the Certification of Eradication of Poliomyelitis in the Americas. Pan American Health Organization Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(93)90022-J"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"212","volume":"30","year":"1988","unstructured":"P\u00f6yry, T., M. Stenvik, and T. Hovi. 1988. Viruses in sewage waters during and after a poliomyelitis outbreak and subsequent nationwide oral poliovirus vaccination campaign in Finland. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.30:212-222.","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(87)90001-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(95)00025-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"945","volume":"38","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shulman, L. M., R. Handsher, C. F. Yang, S. J. Yang, J. Manor, A. Vansover, Z. Grossman, M. Pallansch, E. Mendelson, and O. M. Kew. 2000. Resolution of the pathways of poliovirus type 1 transmission during an outbreak. J. Clin. Microbiol.38:945-952.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"677","volume":"29","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sokhey, J. 1992. Poliomyelitis surveillance in India. Indian Pediatr.29:677-682.","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025664"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.6.1510"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800052195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000149005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"199","volume":"176","year":"1993","unstructured":"Vonsover, A., R. Handsher, M. Neuman, S. Guillot, J. Balanant, H. Rudich, E. Mendelson, T. Swartz, and R. Crainic. 1993. Molecular epidemiology of polioviruses isolated in Israel and defined by restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. J. Infect. Dis.176:199-203.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","first-page":"188","volume":"58","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wood, D. J., and B. P. Hull. 1998. L20B cells simplify culture of polioviruses from clinical samples. J. Med. Virol.58:188-192.","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","unstructured":"World Health Assembly. 1988. Global eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000. Resolution WHA 41.28. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 1997. Global eradication of poliomyelitis. Report of the technical consultation 29-30 April 1996. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02868-3"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.69.5.2919-2927.2003","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.69.5.2919-2927.2003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T14:06:49Z","timestamp":1645625209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.69.5.2919-2927.2003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.69.5.2919-2927.2003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.69.5.2919-2927.2003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2002-05-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-12-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2003-05-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}