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The fungus grows slowly on commonly used culture media and is often obscured by the fast-growing fungi. Thus, its occurrence in different environments has often been underestimated. In this study, we developed two sets of PCR primers specific to<jats:italic>W. sebi<\/jats:italic>that can be applied in either conventional PCR or real-time PCR for rapid detection and quantification of the fungus in environmental samples. Both PCR systems proved to be highly specific and sensitive for<jats:italic>W. sebi<\/jats:italic>detection even in a high background of other fungal DNAs. These methods were employed to investigate the presence of<jats:italic>W. sebi<\/jats:italic>in the aerosols of a farm. The results revealed a high concentration of<jats:italic>W. sebi<\/jats:italic>spores, 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>by real-time PCR and 10<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>m<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>by cultivation, which indicates the prevalence of<jats:italic>W. sebi<\/jats:italic>in farms handling hay and grain and in cow barns. The methods developed in this study could serve as rapid, specific, and sensitive means of detecting<jats:italic>W. sebi<\/jats:italic>in aerosol and surface samples and could thus facilitate investigations of its distribution, ecology, clinical diagnosis, and exposure risk assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.70.12.7295-7302.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]],"date-time":"2004-12-01T20:18:56Z","timestamp":1101932336000},"page":"7295-7302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Detection and Quantification of<i>Wallemia sebi<\/i>in Aerosols by Real-Time PCR, Conventional PCR, and Cultivation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Qing-Yin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Working Life"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Umea\u030a University, Umea\u030a, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven-Olof","family":"Westermark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Working Life"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A\u030asa","family":"Rasmuson-Lestander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Umea\u030a University, Umea\u030a, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Ru","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Working Life"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.10.3639-3644.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.8.4788-4793.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mcpr.2001.0347"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298669091369899"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"17","volume":"9","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gorny, R. 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