{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T13:12:20Z","timestamp":1791292340049,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,1]],"date-time":"2004-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1075593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The genetic diversity of\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            in reptiles was analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene. A total of 123 samples were analyzed, of which 48 snake samples, 24 lizard samples, and 3 tortoise samples were positive for\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            . Nine different types of\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            were found, including\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium serpentis<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            desert monitor genotype,\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium muris<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            bovine and mouse genotypes, one\n            <jats:italic>C. serpentis<\/jats:italic>\n            -like parasite in a lizard, two new\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. in snakes, and one new\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            sp. in tortoises.\n            <jats:italic>C. serpentis<\/jats:italic>\n            and the desert monitor genotype were the most common parasites and were found in both snakes and lizards, whereas the\n            <jats:italic>C. muris<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            parasites detected were probably the result of ingestion of infected rodents. Sequence and biologic characterizations indicated that the desert monitor genotype was\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium saurophilum<\/jats:italic>\n            . Two host-adapted\n            <jats:italic>C. serpentis<\/jats:italic>\n            genotypes were found in snakes and lizards.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.70.2.891-899.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,6]],"date-time":"2004-02-06T17:48:04Z","timestamp":1076089684000},"page":"891-899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Genetic Diversity of\n            <i>Cryptosporidium<\/i>\n            spp. in Captive Reptiles"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Lihua","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Una M.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thaddeus K.","family":"Graczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Limor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Kombert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Louis Zoo, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"Junge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saint Louis Zoo, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irshad M.","family":"Sulaiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Arrowood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Br\u030cetislav","family":"Koudela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Modry\u0301","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Altaf A.","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030098587701400607"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00135-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fayer R. C. Speer and J. Dubey. 1997. The general biology of Cryptosporidium p. 1-41. In R. Fayer (ed.) Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis. CRC Press Boca Raton Fla.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781351071260-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"187","volume":"29","year":"1998","unstructured":"Graczyk, T. K., and M. R. Cranfield. 1998. Experimental transmission of Cryptosporidium oocyst isolates from mammals, birds and reptiles to captive snakes. Vet. Res.29:187-195.","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(97)00153-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"93","volume":"45","year":"1998","unstructured":"Koudela, B., and D. Modry. 1998. New species of Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa, Cryptosporidiidae) from lizards. 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Eukaryot. Microbiol.46:44S-45S.","journal-title":"J. Eukaryot. 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