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Antibiotic production by antagonists, which contributes to disease suppression, is known to be modulated by abiotic and host plant environmental conditions. Here, we demonstrate that a pathogen metabolite functions as a negative signal for bacterial antibiotic biosynthesis, which can determine the relative importance of biological control mechanisms available to antagonists and which may also influence fungus-bacterium ecological interactions. We found that production of the polyketide antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) was the primary biocontrol mechanism of\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas fluorescens<\/jats:italic>\n            strain Q2-87 against\n            <jats:italic>Fusarium oxysporum<\/jats:italic>\n            f. sp.\n            <jats:italic>radicis-lycopersici<\/jats:italic>\n            on the tomato as determined with mutational analysis. In contrast, DAPG was not important for the less-disease-suppressive strain CHA0. This was explained by differential sensitivity of the bacteria to fusaric acid, a pathogen phyto- and mycotoxin that specifically blocked DAPG biosynthesis in strain CHA0 but not in strain Q2-87. In CHA0, hydrogen cyanide, a biocide not repressed by fusaric acid, played a more important role in disease suppression.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.70.3.1836-1842.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,8]],"date-time":"2004-03-08T23:43:22Z","timestamp":1078789402000},"page":"1836-1842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Potential Role of Pathogen Signaling in Multitrophic Plant-Microbe Interactions Involved in Disease Protection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Brion","family":"Duffy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Swiss Federal Research Institute for Fruit Production, Viticulture and Horticulture, CH-8820 W\u00e4denswil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Keel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Microbienne, Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genevi\u00e8ve","family":"D\u00e9fago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Pflanzenwissenschaften, Phytomedizin\/Phytopathologie, Eidgen\u00f6ssiche Technische Hochschule, CH-8092 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.11.3008-3016.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.11.4039-4043.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.10.3155-3163.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-0717(98)00160-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.37.1.175"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002039900127"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.24.14073"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012061014717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.8.3002-3007.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.py.31.090193.000413"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010306724455"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO.2003.93.8.966"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-8401(99)00059-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.41.052002.095606"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO.1997.87.12.1250"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO.1997.87.1.26"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.6.2429-2438.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI.34.2.287"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.8.3142-3150.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-86-188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13405.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.11.4261-4266.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1002863311534"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.5.1852-1860.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.63.11.4340-4345.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0958-1669(00)00098-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.9.4085-4093.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-7189(199902)7:1<1::AID-NT37>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","unstructured":"Keel C. and G. 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