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A total of 528 fecal, 516 feed, and 1,012 environmental soil and water samples were cultured for<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>. While the overall prevalence of<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>in cattle case farms (24.4%) was similar to that in control farms (20.2%), small-ruminant (goat and sheep) farms showed a significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.0001) higher prevalence in case farms (32.9%) than in control farms (5.9%). EcoRI ribotyping of clinical (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 17) and farm (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 414) isolates differentiated 51 ribotypes.<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>ribotypes isolated from clinical cases and fecal samples were more frequent in environmental than in feed samples, indicating that infected animals may contribute to<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>dispersal into the farm environment. Ribotype DUP-1038B was significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05) associated with fecal samples compared with farm environment and animal feedstuff samples. Ribotype DUP-1045A was significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05) associated with soil compared to feces and with control farms compared to case farms. Our data indicate that (i) the epidemiology and transmission of<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>differ between small-ruminant and cattle farms; (ii) cattle contribute to amplification and dispersal of<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>into the farm environment, (iii) the bovine farm ecosystem maintains a high prevalence of<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>, including subtypes linked to human listeriosis cases and outbreaks, and (iv)<jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>subtypes may differ in their abilities to infect animals and to survive in farm environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.70.8.4458-4467.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,4]],"date-time":"2004-08-04T17:08:33Z","timestamp":1091639313000},"page":"4458-4467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":341,"title":["Ecology and Transmission of<i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>Infecting Ruminants and in the Farm Environment"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"K. 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