{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:27:45Z","timestamp":1791872865433,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]],"date-time":"2004-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091318400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The efficacy of currently available decontamination strategies for the treatment of indoor furnishings contaminated with bioterrorism agents is poorly understood. Efficacy testing of decontamination products in a controlled environment is needed to ensure that effective methods are used to decontaminate domestic and workplace settings. An experimental room supplied with materials used in office furnishings (i.e., wood laminate, painted metal, and vinyl tile) was used with controlled dry aerosol releases of endospores of\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus atrophaeus<\/jats:italic>\n            (\u201c\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n            subsp.\n            <jats:italic>niger<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\u201d also referred to as BG), a\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            surrogate. Studies were performed using two test products, a foam decontaminant and chlorine dioxide gas. Surface samples were collected pre- and posttreatment with three sampling methods and analyzed by culture and quantitative PCR (QPCR). Additional aerosol releases with environmental background present on the surface materials were also conducted to determine if there was any interference with decontamination or sample analysis. Culture results indicated that 10\n            <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n            to 10\n            <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n            CFU per sample were present on surfaces before decontamination. After decontamination with the foam, no culturable\n            <jats:italic>B. atrophaeus<\/jats:italic>\n            spores were detected. After decontamination with chlorine dioxide gas, no culturable\n            <jats:italic>B. atrophaeus<\/jats:italic>\n            was detected in 24 of 27 samples (89%). However, QPCR analysis showed that\n            <jats:italic>B. atrophaeus<\/jats:italic>\n            DNA was still present after decontamination with both methods. Environmental background material had no apparent effect on decontamination, but inhibition of the QPCR assay was observed. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of two decontamination methods and illustrate the utility of surface sampling and QPCR analysis for the evaluation of decontamination strategies.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.70.8.4740-4747.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,4]],"date-time":"2004-08-04T17:08:33Z","timestamp":1091639313000},"page":"4740-4747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Determination of the Efficacy of Two Building Decontamination Strategies by Surface Sampling with Culture and Quantitative PCR Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Mark P.","family":"Buttner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry Reid Center for Environmental Studies, University of Nevada\u2014Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4009"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry Reid Center for Environmental Studies, University of Nevada\u2014Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4009"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda D.","family":"Stetzenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry Reid Center for Environmental Studies, University of Nevada\u2014Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4009"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy K.","family":"Klima-Comba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry Reid Center for Environmental Studies, University of Nevada\u2014Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4009"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa L.","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Harry Reid Center for Environmental Studies, University of Nevada\u2014Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4009"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy D.","family":"Cronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical Support Working Group, Arlington, Virginia 22202"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. 1999. Bioaerosols: assessment and control. American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists Cincinnati Ohio."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.1.219-226.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.6.2564-2570.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014977900352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"814","year":"2002","unstructured":"Buttner, M. P., K. Willeke, and S. Grinshpun. 2002. Sampling and analysis of airborne microorganisms, p. 814-826. In C. J. Hurst, G. Knudsen, M. McInerney, M. V. Walter, and L. D. Stetzenbach (ed.), Manual of environmental microbiology, 2nd ed. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.","journal-title":"Manual of environmental microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"469","volume":"73","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cox, C. S. 1989. Airborne bacteria and viruses. Sci. Prog.73:469-500.","journal-title":"Sci. Prog."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.1.593-599.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Morris C. (ed.). 1992. Dictionary of science and technology. Academic Press San Diego Calif."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"771","volume":"2","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sheeran, T. J. 2002. Bioterrorism, p. 771-782. In G. Bitton (ed.), Encyclopedia of environmental microbiology, vol. 2. John Wiley & Sons, New York, N.Y.","journal-title":"Encyclopedia of environmental microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"801","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stetzenbach, L. D. 2002. Introduction to aerobiology, p. 801-813. In C. J. Hurst, R. L. Crawford, G. R. Knudsen, and L. D. Stetzenbach (ed.), Manual of environmental microbiology, 2nd ed. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.","journal-title":"Manual of environmental microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2003. Pesticides: topical and chemical fact sheets. Chlorine dioxide. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington D.C. [Online.] http:\/\/www.epa.gov\/pesticides\/factsheets\/chemicals\/chlorinedioxidefactsheet.htm\n."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.22.2853"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.70.8.4740-4747.2004","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.70.8.4740-4747.2004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T21:03:29Z","timestamp":1645650209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.70.8.4740-4747.2004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.70.8.4740-4747.2004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.70.8.4740-4747.2004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2003-11-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-04-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}