{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:02:00Z","timestamp":1791158520042,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]],"date-time":"2005-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Several models have shown that virulence varies from one strain of\n            <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            to another, but little is known about the cause of low virulence. Twenty-six field\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            strains were shown to be of low virulence in a plaque-forming assay and in a subcutaneous inoculation test in mice. Using the results of cell infection assays and phospholipase activities, the low-virulence strains were assigned to one of four groups by cluster analysis and then virulence-related genes were sequenced. Group I included 11 strains that did not enter cells and had no phospholipase activity. These strains exhibited a mutated PrfA; eight strains had a single amino acid substitution, PrfAK220T, and the other three had a truncated PrfA, PrfA\u0394174-237. These genetic modifications could explain the low virulence of group I strains, since mutated PrfA proteins were inactive. Group II and III strains entered cells but did not form plaques. Group II strains had low phosphatidylcholine phospholipase C activity, whereas group III strains had low phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity. Several substitutions were observed for five out of six group III strains in the\n            <jats:italic>plcA<\/jats:italic>\n            gene and for one out of three group II strains in the\n            <jats:italic>plcB<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. Group IV strains poorly colonized spleens of mice and were practically indistinguishable from fully virulent strains on the basis of the above-mentioned in vitro criteria. These results demonstrate a relationship between the phenotypic classification and the genotypic modifications for at least group I and III strains and suggest a common evolution of these strains within a group.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.71.10.6039-6048.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,4]],"date-time":"2005-10-04T19:29:23Z","timestamp":1128454163000},"page":"6039-6048","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Investigation of Specific Substitutions in Virulence Genes Characterizing Phenotypic Groups of Low-Virulence Field Strains of\n            <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"S. M.","family":"Roche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, 37380 Nouzilly, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Gracieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, 37380 Nouzilly, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Milohanic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire de Ge\u0301nomique des Microorganismes Pathoge\u0300nes, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France"},{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unite\u0301 des Interactions Bacte\u0301ries-Cellules, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut National Agronomique de Paris-Grignon, De\u0301partement Mathe\u0301matiques et Informatique Applique\u0301es, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75365 Paris Cedex 5, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Virlogeux-Payant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, 37380 Nouzilly, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Te\u0301moin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, 37380 Nouzilly, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Gre\u0301pinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, 37380 Nouzilly, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kerouanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AFSSA-LERQAP, Unite\u0301 de Caracte\u0301risation et d'Epide\u0301miologie Bacte\u0301rienne, 23 avenue du Ge\u0301ne\u0301ral de Gaulle, 94706 Maisons-Alfort Cedex 06, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Jacquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Laboratoire des Listeria, Centre National de Re\u0301fe\u0301rence des Listeria, WHO Collaborating Center for Foodborne Listeriosis, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Cossart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unite\u0301 des Interactions Bacte\u0301ries-Cellules, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Velge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, 37380 Nouzilly, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"803","volume":"49","year":"1992","unstructured":"Banfield, J. 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