{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:48:52Z","timestamp":1791316132869,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]],"date-time":"2005-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1133395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The presence of tetracycline resistance (Tc\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            ) genes and class I integrons (in-1), and their ability to cotransfer were investigated in Tc\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            gram-negative (185 strains) and gram-positive (72 strains) bacteria from Danish farmland and pigsties. The isolates belonged to the groups or species\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            spp.,\n            <jats:italic>Arthrobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            spp.,\n            <jats:italic>Alcaligenes<\/jats:italic>\n            spp.,\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n            spp., and\n            <jats:italic>Corynebacterium glutamicum.<\/jats:italic>\n            The 257 isolates were screened for in-1. Eighty-one of the gram-negative isolates were also screened for the Tc\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            genes\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (A),\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (B), and\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (C), and all (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 72) gram-positive isolates were screened for\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (33). Fourteen (7%) of the soil isolates and eleven (25%) of the pigsty isolates contained in-1. All isolates that contained\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            genes also contained in-1, except one gram-negative isolate from a pigsty that contained\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (B). All gram-positive isolates with in-1 also contained\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (33). No isolates contained more than one\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. The in-1-positive isolates were tested for resistance to selected antimicrobial agents and showed resistance to three to nine drugs. Filter-mating experiments showed cotransfer of Tc\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            and class I integrons from soil isolates to\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            and\/or\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas putida<\/jats:italic>\n            . We conclude that soil bacteria in close contact to manure or pigsty environment may thus have an important role in horizontal spread of resistance. Use of tetracyclines in food animal production may increase not only Tc\n            <jats:sup>r<\/jats:sup>\n            but also multidrug resistance (caused by the presence\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            genes and in-1) in bacteria.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.71.12.7941-7947.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T11:07:48Z","timestamp":1133867268000},"page":"7941-7947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Class 1 Integrons and Tetracycline Resistance Genes in\n            <i>Alcaligenes<\/i>\n            ,\n            <i>Arthrobacter<\/i>\n            , and\n            <i>Pseudomonas<\/i>\n            spp. Isolated from Pigsties and Manured Soil"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Agers\u00f8","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, 1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorthe","family":"Sandvang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Statens Serum Institute, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(00)00197-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0732-8893(00)00130-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.60.3.908-912.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"Anonymous. 2003. 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