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At a relatively high frequency, large-colony variants (\u0394\n                    <jats:italic>perR<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>lg<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) arise, which are more resistant to H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    than the wild-type and ultimately dominate the culture. Transcriptional analysis revealed that the\n                    <jats:italic>kat<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene (catalase) is up-regulated in both types of mutants and that the highest level is apparent in \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>perR<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>sm<\/jats:sub>\n                    mutants, demonstrating PerR regulation of this gene. Overexpression of the catalase gene in the wild-type background resulted in a slower-growing strain with a smaller colony size similar to that of \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>perR<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>sm<\/jats:sub>\n                    . By combining a bioinformatic approach with experimental evidence, other PerR-regulated genes were identified, including\n                    <jats:italic>fur<\/jats:italic>\n                    , lmo0641,\n                    <jats:italic>fri<\/jats:italic>\n                    , lmo1604,\n                    <jats:italic>hemA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>trxB<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The transcriptional profile of these genes in both mutant backgrounds was similar to that of catalase in that a higher level of expression was observed in \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>perR<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>sm<\/jats:sub>\n                    than in the wild type or \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>perR<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>lg<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Murine studies revealed that the virulence potential of the \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>perR<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>sm<\/jats:sub>\n                    mutant is substantially reduced compared to that of the wild-type and \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>perR<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>lg<\/jats:sub>\n                    strains. Collectively, the data demonstrate that the \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>perR<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>sm<\/jats:sub>\n                    mutant represents the true phenotype associated with the absence of PerR, which is linked to overexpression of regulated genes that negatively affect bacterial homeostasis both in vitro and in vivo. A subsequent secondary mutation occurred at a high frequency, which resulted in phenotypic reversion to a large-colony phenotype with increased fitness that may have obstructed the analysis of the role of PerR in the physiology of the bacterial cell.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.71.12.8314-8322.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,6]],"date-time":"2005-12-06T06:07:48Z","timestamp":1133849268000},"page":"8314-8322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["<i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>\n                    PerR Mutants Display a Small-Colony Phenotype, Increased Sensitivity to Hydrogen Peroxide, and Significantly Reduced Murine Virulence"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Rosemarie","family":"Rea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"},{"name":"Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cormac G. 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