{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:34:03Z","timestamp":1790688843038,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]],"date-time":"2005-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1107216000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            can be isolated from a range of food products and may cause food-borne outbreaks or sporadic cases of listeriosis.\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            is divided into three genetic lineages and 13 serotypes. Strains of three serotypes (1\/2a, 1\/2b, and 4b) are associated with most human cases of listeriosis. Of these, strains of serotypes 1\/2b and 4b belong to lineage 1, whereas strains of serotype 1\/2a and many other strains isolated from foods belong to lineage 2.\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            is isolated from foods by selective enrichment procedures and from patients by nonselective methods. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the selective enrichment procedure results in a true representation of the subtypes of\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            present in a sample. Eight\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            strains (four lineage 1 strains and four lineage 2 strains) and one\n            <jats:italic>Listeria innocua<\/jats:italic>\n            strain grew with identical growth rates in the nonselective medium brain heart infusion (BHI), but differed in their growth rate in the selective medium University of Vermont medium I (UVM I). When coinoculated in UVM I, some strains completely outgrew other strains. This outcome was dependent on the lineage of\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            rather than the individual growth rate of the strains. When inoculated at identical cell densities in UVM I,\n            <jats:italic>L. innocua<\/jats:italic>\n            outcompeted\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            lineage 1 strains but not lineage 2 strains. In addition, lineage 2\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            strains outcompeted lineage 1\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            strains in all combinations tested, indicating a bias in strains selected by the enrichment procedures. Bias also occurred when coinoculating two lineage 2 or lineage 1 strains; however, it did not appear to correlate with origin (clinical versus food). Identical coinoculation experiments in BHI suggested that the selective compounds in UVM I and II influenced this bias. The results of the present study demonstrate that the selective procedures used for isolation of\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            may not allow a true representation of the types present in foods. Our results could have a significant impact on epidemiological studies, as lineage 1 strains, which are often isolated from clinical cases of listeriosis, may be suppressed during enrichment by other\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            lineages present in a food sample.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.71.2.961-967.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,3]],"date-time":"2005-02-03T18:24:28Z","timestamp":1107455068000},"page":"961-967","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Bias in the\n            <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>\n            Enrichment Procedure: Lineage 2 Strains Outcompete Lineage 1 Strains in University of Vermont Selective Enrichments"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Jesper Bartholin","family":"Bruhn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Seafood Research, Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birte Fonnesbech","family":"Vogel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Seafood Research, Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lone","family":"Gram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Seafood Research, Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.12.7336-7342.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-60.3.254"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(00)00524-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1006\/fmic.2001.0446","volume":"18","year":"2001","unstructured":"Capita, R., C. 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