{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:53:00Z","timestamp":1789779180661,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. UV disinfection studies conducted to date have used\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            oocysts. However,\n            <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium hominis<\/jats:italic>\n            predominates in human cryptosporidiosis infections, so there is a critical need to assess the efficacy of UV disinfection of\n            <jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n            . This study utilized cell culture-based methods to demonstrate that\n            <jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n            oocysts displayed similar levels of infectivity and had the same sensitivity to UV light as\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            . Therefore, the water industry can be confident about extrapolating\n            <jats:italic>C. parvum<\/jats:italic>\n            UV disinfection data to\n            <jats:italic>C. hominis<\/jats:italic>\n            oocysts.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.71.5.2800-2802.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,3]],"date-time":"2005-05-03T18:08:24Z","timestamp":1115143704000},"page":"2800-2802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["UV Inactivation of\n            <i>Cryptosporidium hominis<\/i>\n            as Measured in Cell Culture"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Quality Laboratory, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, La Verne, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Linden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina M.","family":"Ciociola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"De Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Quality Laboratory, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, La Verne, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Widmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Tufts University School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Rochelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Water Quality Laboratory, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, La Verne, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.10.5670-5675.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.2004.tb10576.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(00)00399-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00135-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.4.1458-1462.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"27","volume":"43","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hunter, P. R., and Q. Syed. 2001. Community surveys of self-reported diarrhea can dramatically overestimate the size of outbreaks of waterborne cryptosporidiosis. Water Sci. Technol.43:27-30.","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1007.030582"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2000.tb00050.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3881-3890.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199407213310304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"95","volume":"93","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mofidi, A. A., H. Baribeau, P. A. Rochelle, R. De Leon, B. M. Coffey, and F. F. Green. 2001. Disinfection of Cryptosporidium parvum with polychromatic UV light. J. Am. Water Works Assoc.93:95-109.","journal-title":"J. Am. Water Works Assoc."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00192.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.8.3809-3817.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00291.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"93","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rose, J. B., J. T. Lisle, and M. LeChevallier. 1997. Waterborne cryptosporidiosis: incidence, outbreaks, and treatment strategies, p. 93-109. In R. Fayer (ed.), Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.","journal-title":"Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.7.3029-3032.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.11.4761-4769.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.8.1959"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.710"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"47640","volume":"68","year":"2003","unstructured":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2003. National primary drinking water regulations: long term 2 enhanced surface water treatment rule; proposed rule. Fed. Regist.68:47640-47793..","journal-title":"Fed. Regist."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(00)00211-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","first-page":"121","year":"2003","unstructured":"Xiao, L. C. Bern, I. M. Sulaiman, and A. A. Lal. 2003. Molecular epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis, p. 121-146. In R. C. A. Thompson, A. Armson and U. M. Ryan (ed.), Cryptosporidium: from molecules to disease. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.","journal-title":"Cryptosporidium: from molecules to disease"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02977"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(03)00238-0","volume":"37","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zimmer, J. L., R. M. Slawson, and P. M. Huck. 2003. Inactivation and potential repair of Cryptosporidium parvum following low- and medium-pressure ultraviolet irradiation. 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