{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T20:40:08Z","timestamp":1774730408959,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]],"date-time":"2005-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We analyzed the genetic relationships and molecular characteristics of 34\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates from soil and clinical samples in various regions of Korea and 17 related\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n            species, using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and multilocus variable-number tandem repeat (MLVA) approaches. Triplicate AFLP profiles of these strains showed high reproducibility and identified 376 polymorphisms. AFLP phylogenetic analysis of\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates showed a high level of similarity, 0.93, and this monomorphic fragment profile proved to be useful to differentiate\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            strains from other\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n            species. The\n            <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n            group was separated from other\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n            species at a level of similarity of 0.68. Among them, some\n            <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n            strains showed genetic interspersion with\n            <jats:italic>B. thuringiensis<\/jats:italic>\n            strains. The evolutionary pattern of nucleotide differences among\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            strains with the eight MLVA markers showed nine MLVA types. Three MLVA types, M1 to M3, were pathogenic\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates and were assigned as new genotypes belonging to the A4 and B3 clusters, compared with 89 genotypes deduced from previous data. This indicates that differences in cluster prevalence and distribution may be influenced more by MLVA markers on two plasmids loci and human activity. Consequently, we suggest that the novel MLVA type may represent significant evidence for historic adaptation to environmental conditions of the Asian continent, particularly Korea. Therefore, MLVA techniques may be available for molecular monitoring on anthrax-release-related bioterrorism and further study is required for the continuous epidemiological study of variable anthrax collections.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.71.8.4664-4671.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,5]],"date-time":"2005-08-05T21:53:12Z","timestamp":1123278792000},"page":"4664-4671","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Korean\n            <i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>\n            Isolates by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis and Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Chunsun","family":"Ryu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Health, 5-Nokbeon-dong, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul 122-701, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyunghee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Health, 5-Nokbeon-dong, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul 122-701, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han-Jun","family":"Hawng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life, Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheon-Kwon","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Health, 5-Nokbeon-dong, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul 122-701, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won-Keun","family":"Seong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Health, 5-Nokbeon-dong, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul 122-701, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee-Bok","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Health, 5-Nokbeon-dong, Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul 122-701, South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.2.377-384.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-41-3-343"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.8.2897-2902.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0944-5013(11)80054-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.4.1623-1626.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.60.6.1719-1725.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"207","year":"1985","unstructured":"Carman, J. 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