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Here we show that in circumneutral pH sediments (Clear Lake, CA) application of a specific inhibitor of sulfate-reducing bacteria at appropriate concentrations typically inhibited less than one-half of all anaerobic methylation of added divalent mercury. This suggests that one or more additional groups of microbes are active methylators in these sediments impacted by a nearby abandoned mercury mine. From Clear Lake sediments, we isolated the iron-reducing bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Geobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. strain CLFeRB, which can methylate mercury at a rate comparable to\n                    <jats:italic>Desulfobulbus propionicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain 1pr3, a sulfate-reducing bacterium known to be an active methylator. This is the first time that an iron-reducing bacterium has been shown to methylate mercury at environmentally significant rates. We suggest that mercury methylation by iron-reducing bacteria represents a previously unidentified and potentially significant source of this environmental toxin in iron-rich freshwater sediments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.72.1.457-464.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,3]],"date-time":"2006-01-03T15:33:36Z","timestamp":1136302416000},"page":"457-464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":541,"title":["Mercury Methylation from Unexpected Sources: Molybdate-Inhibited Freshwater Sediments and an Iron-Reducing Bacterium"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Fleming","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Microbiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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