{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T19:08:29Z","timestamp":1789931309024,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus cereus<\/jats:italic>\n            strains that are genetically closely related to\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            can display anthrax-like virulence traits (A. R. Hoffmaster et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101:8449-8454, 2004). Hence, approaches that rapidly identify these \u201cnear neighbors\u201d are of great interest for the study of\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            virulence mechanisms, as well as to prevent the use of such strains for\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            -based bioweapon development. Here, a strategy is proposed for the identification of near neighbors of\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer (ITS) containing tRNA genes, characteristic of\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            . By using restriction site insertion-PCR (RSI-PCR) the presence of two SNP typical of\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            was screened in 126\n            <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n            group strains of different origin. Two\n            <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n            strains and one\n            <jats:italic>B. thuringiensis<\/jats:italic>\n            strain showed RSI-PCR profiles identical to that of\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            . The sequencing of the entire ITS containing tRNA genes revealed two of the strains to be identical to\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            . The strict relationship with\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            was confirmed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of four other independent loci:\n            <jats:italic>cerA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>plcR<\/jats:italic>\n            , AC-390, and SG-749. The relationship to\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            of the three strains described by MLST was comparable and even higher to that of four\n            <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n            strains associated with periodontitis in humans and previously reported as the closest known strains to\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            . SNP in ITS containing tRNA genes combined with RSI-PCR provide a very efficient tool for the identification of strains closely related to\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.72.2.1295-1301.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,3]],"date-time":"2006-02-03T21:18:24Z","timestamp":1139001504000},"page":"1295-1301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Strategy for Identification of\n            <i>Bacillus cereus<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>Bacillus thuringiensis<\/i>\n            Strains Closely Related to\n            <i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Daffonchio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Universita\u0300 Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noura","family":"Raddadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Universita\u0300 Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Merabishvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. Eliava Institute of Bacteriophage, Microbiology and Virology, 0160 Tbilisi, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ameur","family":"Cherif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Universita\u0300 Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Microbiologie, De\u0301partement de Biologie, Faculte\u0301 des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Carmagnola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Universita\u0300 Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Brusetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Universita\u0300 Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Rizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, Universita\u0300 Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Chanishvili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G. 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