{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:47:44Z","timestamp":1791841664341,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1967,3,1]],"date-time":"1967-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":-89596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1967,3]]},"abstract":"\n A comparative study was made of all available milky-disease species and strains that have been isolated around the world from beetle larvae (family\n Scarabaeidae<\/jats:italic>\n ). Included in the study were\n Bacillus popilliae<\/jats:italic>\n Dutky,\n B. lentimorbus<\/jats:italic>\n Dutky, and\n B. lentimorbus<\/jats:italic>\n var.\n maryland<\/jats:italic>\n from the United States;\n B. euloomarahae<\/jats:italic>\n Beard and\n B. lentimorbus<\/jats:italic>\n var.\n australis<\/jats:italic>\n Beard from Australia;\n B. fribourgensis<\/jats:italic>\n Wille from Switzerland; and New Zealand milky disease (Dumbleton). The organisms were classified into three groups: (i) those containing parasporal bodies, including\n B. popilliae<\/jats:italic>\n Dutky,\n B. fribourgensis<\/jats:italic>\n Wille, and New Zealand milky disease (Dumbleton); (ii) those without a visible parasporal body and with spore morphology similar to\n B. lentimorbus<\/jats:italic>\n Dutky, including\n B. lentimorbus<\/jats:italic>\n var.\n australis<\/jats:italic>\n Beard; and (iii) those with very tiny spores and no parasporal body, including\n B. euloomarahae<\/jats:italic>\n Beard and\n B. lentimorbus<\/jats:italic>\n var.\n maryland<\/jats:italic>\n . All available milky-disease species and strains were cultivated in vitro on Brain Heart Infusion Agar plates. However, the most fastidious organisms\u2014\n B. euloomarahae<\/jats:italic>\n and\n B. lentimorbus<\/jats:italic>\n var.\n maryland<\/jats:italic>\n \u2014could not be grown until they were passed through a life cycle in larvae of a large scarabaeid beetle infesting rotting wood. Then they remained stable for only one or two subcultures. All the milky-disease organisms produced larger cells in vitro than they did in vivo. The pattern of sugar fermentations was similar for all milky-disease species. It appears that there is a very low percentage of strains of\n B. popilliae, B. lentimorbus<\/jats:italic>\n , and the other milky-disease organisms that have the inherent genetic makeup to permit them to sporulate on artificial media, if conditions are favorable. Among these conditions are a sufficiently high cell population and a reduced oxygen tension. Spores produced in vitro may have a low virulence via the normal ingestion pathway, even though they show apparent virulence when injected directly into the hemocoel.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/am.15.2.325-333.1967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,5]],"date-time":"2020-12-05T09:41:09Z","timestamp":1607161269000},"page":"325-333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Milky Disease Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"K. H.","family":"Steinkraus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York"},{"name":"Entomology Research Division, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Riverside, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Tashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York"},{"name":"Entomology Research Division, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Riverside, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","container-title":["Applied Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/am.15.2.325-333.1967","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/am.15.2.325-333.1967","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T07:39:24Z","timestamp":1645601964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/am.15.2.325-333.1967"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1967,3]]},"references-count":0,"aliases":["10.1128\/aem.15.2.325-333.1967"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1967,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/am.15.2.325-333.1967"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/am.15.2.325-333.1967","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-6919"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-6919","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1967,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1967-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}