{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T07:46:48Z","timestamp":1767167208034,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1973,2,1]],"date-time":"1973-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":97372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Formalin-inactivated Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine was prepared from virus grown in rolling-bottle cultures of chicken embryo cells. Trinidad strain virus was propagated in these cultures with a maintenance medium consisting of serum-free medium 199 containing 0.25% human serum albumin (USP) and antibiotics. Manipulation of multiplicity of inoculum (0.06 to 0.00006) and maintenance medium volume (100 to 300 ml) resulted in high-titered virus yields and only moderate cell destruction when fluids from infected cultures were harvested at 18 to 24 hr. The virus was inactivated at 37 C by 0.05% Formalin within 8 to 10 hr and with 0.1% Formalin within 6 to 8 hr. Single dose, antigen extinction tests in mice performed with 30 small-scale vaccine lots showed excellent potency at either Formalin concentration with inactivation periods ranging from 24 to 96 hr.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/am.25.2.262-265.1973","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,5]],"date-time":"2020-12-05T03:39:44Z","timestamp":1607139584000},"page":"262-265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Formalin-inactivated Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis (Trinidad Strain) Vaccine Produced in Rolling-Bottle Cultures of Chicken Embryo Cells"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"25","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Francis E.","family":"Cole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland 21701"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen W.","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland 21701"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland 21701"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","container-title":["Applied Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/am.25.2.262-265.1973","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/am.25.2.262-265.1973","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T08:34:28Z","timestamp":1645605268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/am.25.2.262-265.1973"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1973,2]]},"references-count":0,"aliases":["10.1128\/aem.25.2.262-265.1973"],"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/am.25.2.262-265.1973"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/am.25.2.262-265.1973","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-6919"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-6919","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1973,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1973-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}