{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T13:19:05Z","timestamp":1783430345456,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ASM Case Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Phytobacter<\/jats:italic>\n spp., a recently recognized human pathogen, presents significant diagnostic challenges. Conventional biochemical and automated identification methods often fail to distinguish\n Phytobacter<\/jats:italic>\n from other\n Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n , which hinders accurate diagnosis and may potentially delay appropriate treatment. Since 2018, our state public health laboratory (LACEN-PR) has adopted a polyphasic identification strategy, integrating matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, API 20E, targeted quantitative PCR, and whole-genome sequencing to investigate closely related\n Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n isolates that were initially misidentified and subsequently confirmed as\n Phytobacter<\/jats:italic>\n spp. This study reports three cases of\n Phytobacter<\/jats:italic>\n -associated sepsis, including a putative novel\n Phytobacter<\/jats:italic>\n species and the first documented case of\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM<\/jats:sub>\n -positive\n Phytobacter ursingii<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Case Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n Case 1: A 31-year-old man living with HIV developed sepsis following respiratory failure. Initial testing misidentified the isolate as\n Leclercia adecarboxylata<\/jats:italic>\n , but the polyphasic approach revealed the potential for a novel\n Phytobacter<\/jats:italic>\n species. The patient showed clinical improvement following targeted antimicrobial therapy. Case 2: A 50-year-old trauma patient developed sepsis caused by a\n Phytobacter<\/jats:italic>\n spp. The isolate was closely related to that of Case 1. Despite treatment, he succumbed to the infection. Case 3: A 68-year-old woman with multiple comorbidities who developed septic shock. Blood cultures identified\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM<\/jats:sub>\n -positive\n Phytobacter ursingii<\/jats:italic>\n . The patient did not survive.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n These cases underscore the clinical significance of\n Phytobacter<\/jats:italic>\n spp. as an emerging pathogen and highlight the challenges posed by their misidentification. The discovery of a novel species and multidrug-resistant\n P. ursingii<\/jats:italic>\n highlights the need for improved diagnostic accuracy and effective treatment to enhance surveillance and improve patient outcomes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/asmcr.00051-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T14:52:26Z","timestamp":1779807146000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sepsis caused by two\n Phytobacter<\/i>\n species: clinical cases and polyphasic characterization of an emerging Enterobacteriaceae"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2896-3186","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcelo","family":"Pillonetto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paran\u00e1 State Public Health Laboratory (LACEN-PR)","place":["S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Pinhais, Brazil"]},{"name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1 (PUCPR)","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Esther","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital do Trabalhador - SESA- Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Paran\u00e1","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8937-2446","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Geiziane A.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paran\u00e1 State Public Health Laboratory (LACEN-PR)","place":["S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Pinhais, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1266-1235","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Debora N. O.","family":"Kulek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paran\u00e1 State Public Health Laboratory (LACEN-PR)","place":["S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Pinhais, Brazil"]},{"name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1 (PUCPR)","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2470-2731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula S.","family":"Chacon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paran\u00e1 State Public Health Laboratory (LACEN-PR)","place":["S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Pinhais, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helki S. R.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital do Trabalhador - SESA- Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Paran\u00e1","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3061-9288","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandre W.","family":"Losso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital do Trabalhador - SESA- Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Paran\u00e1","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Bodnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital do Trabalhador - SESA- Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Paran\u00e1","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polyana M.","family":"Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital do Trabalhador - SESA- Secretaria de Sa\u00fade do Paran\u00e1","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Dal Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paran\u00e1 State Public Health Laboratory (LACEN-PR)","place":["S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Pinhais, Brazil"]},{"name":"Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Paran\u00e1 (PUCPR)","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8866-0692","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Let\u00edcia","family":"Kraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paran\u00e1 State Public Health Laboratory (LACEN-PR)","place":["S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Pinhais, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9594-9117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose F. 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