{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:01:35Z","timestamp":1792796495959,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ASM Case Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n is a leading pathogen causing gastroenteritis in humans. Invasive\n C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n strains crossing the gut-blood barrier can cause bacteremia. Despite its microaerophilicity (preferring <5% O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n atmosphere), hyper-aerotolerant (HAT)\n C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n has recently been isolated from intestines in poultry and humans. Elevated aerotolerance may enhance\n C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n survival in the ecosystem, thereby promoting its transmission. However, invasive HAT isolates of\n C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n have not been reported in bacteremia in humans.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Case Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n A\n C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n strain (CNH-HAT-1) was isolated from a 7% CO\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (~16% O\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n ) atmosphere subculture of an aerobic blood culture from a 5-year-old boy with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with bloody stool, fever, and neutropenia. The organism identification was determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and 16S-rRNA sequencing. HAT phenotype of this isolate was confirmed by aerotolerance testing. Belonging to the ST-21 clonal complex, CNH-HAT-1 is phylogenetically close to recently reported invasive\n C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n sheep abortion strains and some bacteremia-associated strains. CNH-HAT-1 possesses a CJIE-1 prophage element, a functional enterobactin receptor CfrB, and G250A mutation in the major outer-membrane protein PorA, which likely contributes to\n C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n invasiveness. CNH-HAT-1 is resistant to penicillins\/cephalosporins but susceptible to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides. The patient improved with intravenous gentamicin, followed by enteral therapy with azithromycin.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n We identified a novel invasive bloodstream\n C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n strain proven\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n to be HAT, shedding light on key genomic features linking with its pathogenesis. Given its enhanced survival of HAT\n C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n in ecosystem, a clinical microbiology lab should be vigilant with detecting them from blood cultures.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/asmcr.00060-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T09:00:35Z","timestamp":1740560435000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Identification and characterization of an invasive, hyper-aerotolerant\n Campylobacter jejuni<\/i>\n strain causing bacteremia in a pediatric leukemia patient"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2795-6988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ximin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee","place":["Knoxville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s National Hospital","place":["Washington, DC, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences","place":["Washington, DC, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana F.","family":"Hamdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s National Hospital","place":["Washington, DC, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences","place":["Washington, DC, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig A.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children\u2019s National Hospital","place":["Washington, DC, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences","place":["Washington, DC, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine","place":["Salt Lake City, USA"]},{"name":"ARUP Laboratories","place":["Salt Lake City, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0377-1030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee","place":["Knoxville, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1225-9936","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Benjamin M.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences","place":["Washington, DC, USA"]},{"name":"Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children\u2019s National Hospital","place":["Washington, DC, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences","place":["Washington, DC, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences","place":["Washington, DC, USA"]},{"name":"Children\u2019s National Research Institute","place":["Washington, DC, USA"]},{"name":"The District of Columbia Center for AIDS Research","place":["Washington, DC, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2005.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-821261-5.00013-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","unstructured":"CDC. 2019. 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