{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T13:22:28Z","timestamp":1788268948514,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014911","name":"Ministerstvo Obrany \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MO1012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MO1012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014911","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ASM Case Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Rhombencephalitis is a rare inflammatory disorder of the brainstem and cerebellum, most commonly associated with autoimmune, paraneoplastic, or vascular etiologies.\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                        is an uncommon but potentially severe infectious cause, and diagnosis may be challenging due to the limited sensitivity of cerebrospinal fluid testing.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>Case Summary<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        An adult patient presented with subacute, progressive brainstem symptoms. Neurological examination and magnetic resonance imaging findings were consistent with rhombencephalitis. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis demonstrated inflammatory changes; however, PCR testing for\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                        was negative. Additional cerebrospinal fluid findings included moderately elevated interleukin-6 and chemokine CXCL13 levels and detectable Epstein\u2013Barr virus DNA. Blood cultures subsequently yielded\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                        , confirming the diagnosis. Targeted antimicrobial therapy was initiated, and adjunctive corticosteroids were administered because of severe neurological involvement. The patient showed clinical stabilization and neurological improvement during follow-up.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        This case demonstrates that listerial rhombencephalitis may occur even with negative cerebrospinal fluid PCR results and highlights the importance of empiric therapy covering\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                        until an alternative etiology is confirmed. Marked inflammatory and immunological cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities may accompany severe disease and should prompt careful clinical assessment.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/asmcr.00063-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T13:01:46Z","timestamp":1784811706000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Listerial rhombencephalitis diagnosed by repeat blood culture despite negative CSF PCR: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4621-930X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Simona","family":"Arientov\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03a8sgj63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Military University Hospital 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