{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T11:17:14Z","timestamp":1788779834689,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783382400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ASM Case Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n species are rod-shaped, gram-variable, endospore-forming, environmental bacteria. Once classified within\n Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n spp., it was reclassified based on 16S rRNA sequencing.\n Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n spp. has rarely been found to be pathogenic in humans; however, recent reports have been described in immunocompromised patients.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Case Summary<\/jats:title>\n \n A 60-year-old male with past medical history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and bicuspid aortic valve presented to an outside hospital for 3 days of chest pain without associated symptoms. He was transferred to our institution after computed tomography (CT) demonstrated fluid around the aortic root concerning for aortic pseudoaneurysm. Admission and follow-up blood cultures were negative. He was started on ceftriaxone and vancomycin and underwent aortic root repair. Intraoperative cultures grew gram-indeterminate bacilli identified as\n Paenibacillus pueri<\/jats:italic>\n by 16S broad-range PCR at an outside institution. Initial pathogen identification was complicated without discernible morphological differences between\n Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n spp. and\n Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n spp. Final identification often relies on molecular methods. Previous cases utilized amoxicillin-clavulanate or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with resistance demonstrated to penicillins and clindamycin. In our case, doxycycline was chosen based on limited susceptibility profiles and considering antibiotic side effect profiles.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n This is the third documented human case of\n Paenibacillus pueri<\/jats:italic>\n infection.\n Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n spp. infections have varied clinical presentations, typically described in immunocompromised patients. This case demonstrates the difficulties in identifying\n Paenibacillus pueri<\/jats:italic>\n . While rare,\n Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n spp. has been occasionally implicated in human disease. Even in immunocompetent patients, suspicion for true pathogens should remain high with repeated isolation on separate specimens.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/asmcr.00229-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:01:16Z","timestamp":1777554076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diagnostic challenges and therapeutic approach for aortic pseudoaneurysm infection with\n Paenibacillus pueri<\/i>\n : a case report"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Jacob","family":"Owens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00thqtb16","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Internal Medicine Residency, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center","place":["Omaha, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03gds6c39","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Plastic Surgery Residency, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston)","place":["Houston, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5631-5794","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John S.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00thqtb16","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center","place":["Omaha, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00thqtb16","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Leon S. 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