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Here we showed that human major salivary gland cells constitutively expressed a bacterial pattern recognition receptor, CD14, by immunohistochemistry. Human salivary gland cells in culture express CD14 mRNA and a 55-kDa CD14 protein in, but not on the cells, and secrete a soluble form with the same molecular mass. Human whole saliva contains a 55-kDa CD14, and the concentration of parotid saliva was 10-fold higher than whole saliva, which is comparable to that of serum CD14. Levels of CD14 in unstimulated whole and parotid saliva were unchanged before and after a meal and between unstimulated and stimulated saliva, indicating that saliva CD14 is constitutively secreted into the oral cavity. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein was below the detectable level. The saliva CD14 is functionally active in that it mediated the activation of CD14-lacking intestinal epithelial cells by LPS in a Toll-like receptor 4-dependent manner. These results suggested that saliva CD14 is important for the maintenance of oral health and possibly intestinal homeostasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.10.2.286-292.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,7]],"date-time":"2003-03-07T20:51:51Z","timestamp":1047070311000},"page":"286-292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Constitutive Expression of a Bacterial Pattern Recognition Receptor, CD14, in Human Salivary Glands and Secretion as a Soluble Form in Saliva"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Akiko","family":"Uehara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575"},{"name":"Department of Animal Production Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Sendai 981-8555"},{"name":"Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokushima University School of Dentistry, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunji","family":"Sugawara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575"},{"name":"Department of Animal Production Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Sendai 981-8555"},{"name":"Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokushima University School of Dentistry, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kouichi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575"},{"name":"Department of Animal Production Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Sendai 981-8555"},{"name":"Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokushima University School of Dentistry, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seishi","family":"Echigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575"},{"name":"Department of Animal Production Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Sendai 981-8555"},{"name":"Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokushima University School of Dentistry, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsunobu","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575"},{"name":"Department of Animal Production Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Sendai 981-8555"},{"name":"Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokushima University School of Dentistry, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575"},{"name":"Department of Animal Production Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Sendai 981-8555"},{"name":"Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokushima University School of Dentistry, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Takada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575"},{"name":"Department of Animal Production Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Sendai 981-8555"},{"name":"Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokushima University School of Dentistry, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(01)78001-7","volume":"78","year":"2001","unstructured":"Akira, S. 2001. 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