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The lungs of healthy, dexamethasone-treated, and dexamethasone-treated and<jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>-infected rats were lavaged with phosphate-buffered saline. Counting of alveolar macrophages in the lavage fluids revealed that<jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>infection caused a 58% decrease in the number of alveolar macrophages and that higher<jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>organism burdens caused a more rapid decrease in alveolar macrophage number. As a control, healthy rats were challenged with the same number of organisms as that normally used to generate<jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>infections in dexamethasone-treated rats. Thirteen days after challenge, these rats had a profound (54%) increase in alveolar macrophage number in response to the challenge, while the number of alveolar macrophages in immunosuppressed and<jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>-infected rats had decreased significantly by this time point. These experiments created the first animal model to mimic human pneumocystis pneumonia in alveolar macrophage number alterations. Reduction of<jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>organism numbers by treatment of rats with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole brought a slow rebound in alveolar macrophage number, while recovery from<jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>infection by cessation of immunosuppression brought a rapid rebound in alveolar macrophage number. These results suggest that both the immune state of the host and<jats:italic>P. carinii<\/jats:italic>burden affect alveolar macrophage number.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.10.2.293-302.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,7]],"date-time":"2003-03-07T20:51:51Z","timestamp":1047070311000},"page":"293-302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Correlation of Organism Burden and Alveolar Macrophage Counts during Infection with<i>Pneumocystis carinii<\/i>and Recovery"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Lasbury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Durant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilyn S.","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James W.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao-Hung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.6.1100-1102.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.1999.00517.x","volume":"29","year":"1999","unstructured":"Benfield, T. 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