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We induced a Th1-mediated central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice with an ongoing infection with<jats:italic>Mycobacterium bovis<\/jats:italic>strain bacillus Calmette-Gue\u0301rin (BCG) to study this possibility. C57BL\/6 mice infected with live BCG for 6 weeks were immunized with myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein peptide (MOG<jats:sub>35-55<\/jats:sub>) to induce EAE. The clinical severity of EAE was reduced in BCG-infected mice in a BCG dose-dependent manner. Inflammatory-cell infiltration and demyelination of the spinal cord were significantly lessened in BCG-infected animals compared with uninfected EAE controls. ELISPOT and gamma interferon intracellular cytokine analysis of the frequency of antigen-specific CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells in the CNS and in BCG-induced granulomas and adoptive transfer of MOG<jats:sub>35-55<\/jats:sub>-specific green fluorescent protein-expressing cells into BCG-infected animals indicated that nervous tissue-specific (MOG<jats:sub>35-55<\/jats:sub>) CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells accumulate in the BCG-induced granuloma sites. These data suggest a novel mechanism for infection-mediated modulation of autoimmunity. We demonstrate that redirected trafficking of activated CNS antigen-specific CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells to local inflammatory sites induced by BCG infection modulates the initiation and progression of a Th1-mediated CNS autoimmune disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.10.4.564-572.2003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,9]],"date-time":"2003-07-09T21:36:29Z","timestamp":1057786589000},"page":"564-572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Infection with<i>Mycobacterium bovis<\/i>BCG Diverts Traffic of Myelin Oligodendroglial Glycoprotein Autoantigen-Specific T Cells Away from the Central Nervous System and Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Diane L.","family":"Sewell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily K.","family":"Reinke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominic O.","family":"Co","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura H.","family":"Hogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert B.","family":"Fritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matyas","family":"Sandor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zsuzsa","family":"Fabry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"131","volume":"63","year":"1981","unstructured":"Andersen, E., H. 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