{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T21:59:16Z","timestamp":1790719156488,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,1]],"date-time":"2004-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1083369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Mice and ducks were subcutaneously immunized with recombinant whole heavy (H) chains of\n            <jats:italic>Clostridium botulinum<\/jats:italic>\n            type C and D neurotoxins, which were expressed as glutathione\n            <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n            -transferase fusion proteins. In the case of mice, it was confirmed that two immunizations with type C- and D-H chains, 10 \u03bcg each time, significantly increased the specific antibodies against 100-kDa H chains of type C and D neurotoxins in an immunoblot analysis and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The mice immunized with type C- and D-H chains showed no symptoms of botulism when they were challenged with C- and D-16 S toxins at doses, given intraperitoneally, of up to 10\n            <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n            and 10\n            <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n            minmum lethal doses (MLD), respectively, per mouse. Ducks were immunized with a total of 100 \u03bcg of type C-H chain. The ducks also developed specific antibodies to the type C-H chain and showed significant protection against a challenge with 10\n            <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n            duck MLD of C-16 S toxin given intravenously. These results indicate that recombinant whole H chains can be used as an effective and safe vaccine for type C and D botulism in domestic animals.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.11.3.496-502.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,11]],"date-time":"2004-05-11T19:33:03Z","timestamp":1084303983000},"page":"496-502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Vaccination with Recombinant Whole Heavy Chain Fragments of\n            <i>Clostridium botulinum<\/i>\n            Type C and D Neurotoxins"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Arimitsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama 700-8558"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Chul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama 700-8558"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Sakaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama 700-8558"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Hayakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-3101"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiko","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-3101"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miki","family":"Nakaura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-3101"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hikaru","family":"Takai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanbu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-3101"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song-Nan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama 700-8558"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Mukamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Epidemiology, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Water Research Institute, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiji","family":"Oguma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama 700-8558"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.7.2738-2742.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"1","year":"1981","unstructured":"DasGupta, B. 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