{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:28:34Z","timestamp":1761560914656},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            An anti-Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (anti-AVA) standard human reference serum pool, AVR414, has been prepared, and the total and protective antigen (PA)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) were quantified. AVR414 was prepared by plasmapheresis of healthy adults who had received a minimum of four subcutaneous injections of AVA. Mass values (in milligrams per milliliter) for total IgG and IgG subclasses 1 to 4 were determined by radial immunodiffusion. Anti-PA-specific IgG assignment (in micrograms per milliliter) was done by consensus of two complementary approaches: homologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with affinity-purified anti-PA IgG as a calibrator and summation of mean PA-specific IgG subclass concentrations determined by IgG subclass-specific ELISA using the United States National Reference Preparation for Human Serum Proteins as a standard. The total IgG concentration assigned to AVR414 reference serum was 8.33 mg\/ml. IgG subclass concentrations were the following: for IgG1, 4.48 mg\/ml; for IgG2, 3.35 mg\/ml; for IgG3, 0.37 mg\/ml; and for IgG4, 0.30 mg\/ml. The assigned mass value for total anti-PA-specific IgG was 141.2 \u03bcg\/ml. Anti-PA-specific IgG subclass concentrations were the following: for IgG1, 79.6 \u03bcg\/ml; for IgG2, 35.3 \u03bcg\/ml; for IgG3, 3.2 \u03bcg\/ml; and for IgG4, 25.3 \u03bcg\/ml. Human reference serum pool AVR414 will have direct application in the standardization of anthrax serological assays, in reagent qualification, and as a standard for quantification of PA-specific IgG in humans who have been vaccinated with or otherwise exposed to\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            PA.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.11.5.919-923.2004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,9]],"date-time":"2004-09-09T16:35:03Z","timestamp":1094747703000},"page":"919-923","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Mass Value Assignment of Total and Subclass Immunoglobulin G in a Human Standard Anthrax Reference Serum"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"V. A.","family":"Semenova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Steward-Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. L.","family":"Stamey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"T. H.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. S.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Marano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. P.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"50","volume":"11","year":"2004","unstructured":"Biagini, R. E., D. L. Sammons, J. P. Smith, B. A. MacKenzie, C. A. F. Striley, V. Semenova, E. Steward-Clark, K. Stamey, A. E. Freeman, C. P. Quinn, and J. E. Snawder. 2004. Comparison of a multiplexed fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of human immunoglobulin G antibodies to anthrax toxins. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol.11:50-55.","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Bradwell A. R. 1995. IgG and IgA subclasses in disease p. 6. The binding site San Diego Calif."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.1.154-159.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"185","year":"1990","unstructured":"Devey, M. E. 1990. Affinity of IgG subclass antibodies, p. 185-194. In Farouk Shakib (ed.), The human IgG subclasses: molecular analysis of structure, function and regulation. Pergamon Press, Inc., Elmsford, N.Y.","journal-title":"The human IgG subclasses: molecular analysis of structure, function and regulation"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020330","volume":"8","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dewan, P. K., A. M. Fry, K. Laserson, B. C. Tierney, C. P. Quinn, J. A. Hayslett, L. N. Broyles, A. Shane, K. L. Winthrop, I. Walks, L. Siegel, T. Hales, V. A. Semenova, S. Romero-Steiner, C. Elie, R. Khabbaz, A. S. Khan, R. A. Hajjeh, A. A. Schuchat, and the members of the Washington, D.C., Anthrax Response Team. 2002. Inhalational anthrax outbreak among postal workers, Washington, D. C., 2001. Emerg. Infect. Dis.8:1066-1072.","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.6.1475-1482.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1990.tb24241.x","volume":"589","year":"1990","unstructured":"Grandics, P., Z. Szathmary, and S. Szathmary. 1990. A novel immunoaffinity chromatography system for the purification of therapeutic proteins. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.589:148-156.","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Hamilton R. G. 1998. The human IgG subclasses p. 28. Calbiochem-Novabiochem La Jolla Calif."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"Harlow E. and D. Lane. 1988. Antibodies: a laboratory manual p. 10. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring Harbor N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Harlow E. and D. Lane. 1988. Antibodies: a laboratory manual p. 658-681. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring Harbor N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020332","volume":"8","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hsu, V. P., S. L. Lukacs, T. Handzel, J. Hayslett, S. Harper, T. Hales, V. A. Semenova, S. Romero-Steiner, C. Elie, C. P. Quinn, R. Khabbaz, A. S. Khan, G. Martin, J. Eisold, A. Schuchat, and R. A. Hajjeh. 2002. Opening a Bacillus anthracis-containing envelope, Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C.: the public health response. Emerg. Infect. Dis.8:1039-1043.","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.17.2.1119","volume":"17","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jacobson, R. H. 1998. Validation of serological assays for diagnosis of infectious diseases. Rev. Sci. Tech.17:469-526.","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(85)90082-3","volume":"10","year":"1985","unstructured":"Jefferis, R., C. B. Reimer, F. Skvaril, G. de Lange, N. R. Ling, J. Lowe, M. R. Walker, D. J. Phillips, C. H. Aloisio, T. W. Wells, J. P. Vaerman, C. G. Magnusson, H. Kubagawa, M. Cooper, F. Vartdal, B. Vandvik, J. J. Haaijman, O. Makela, A. Sarnesto, Z. Lando, Z. J. Gergely, E. Rajnavolgyi, G. Laszio, J. Radi, and G. A. Molinaro. 1985. Evaluation of monoclonal antibodies having specificity for human IgG sub-classes: results of an IUIS\/WHO collaborative study. Immunol. Lett.10:223-252.","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020353","volume":"8","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jernigan, D. B., P. L. Raghunathan, B. P. Bell, R. Brechner, E. A. Bresnitz, J. C. Butler, M. Cetron, M. Cohen, T. Doyle, M. Fischer, C. Greene, K. S. Griffith, J. Guarner, J. L. Hadler, J. A. Hayslett, R. Meyer, L. R. Petersen, M. Phillips, R. Pinner, T. Popovic, C. P. Quinn, J. Reefhuis, D. Reissman, N. Rosenstein, A. Schuchat, W. J. Shieh, L. Siegal, D. L. Swerdlow, F. C. Tenover, M. Traeger, J. W. Ward, I. Weisfuse, S. Wiersma, K. Yeskey, S. Zaki, D. A. Ashford, B. A. Perkins, S. Ostroff, J. Hughes, D. Fleming, J. P. Koplan, J. L. Gerberding, and the National Anthrax Epidemiologic Investigation Team. 2002. Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax, United States, 2001: epidemiologic findings. Emerg. Infect. Dis.8:1019-1028.","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0706.010604","volume":"7","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jernigan, J. A., D. S. Stephens, D. A. Ashford, C. Omenaca, M. S. Topiel, M. Galbraith, M. Tapper, T. L. Fisk, S. Zaki, T. Popovic, R. F. Meyer, C. P. Quinn, S. A. Harper, S. K. Fridkin, J. J. Sejvar, C. W. Shepard, M. McConnell, J. Guarner, W.-J. Shieh, J. M. Malecki, J. L. Gerberding, J. M. Hughes, B. A. Perkins, and members of the Anthrax Bioterrorism Investigation Team. 2001. Bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax: the first 10 cases reported in the United States. Emerg. Infect. Dis.7:933-944.","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"1496","volume":"10","year":"2000","unstructured":"Johnson, A. M., J. T. Whicher, T. B. Ledue, A. Carlstrom, Y. Itoh, and P. H. Petersen. 2000. Effect of a new international reference preparation for proteins in human serum (certified reference material 470) on results of the College of American Pathologists Surveys for plasma proteins. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med.10:1496-1501.","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","unstructured":"Kuby J. 1996. Immunology p. 124-126. W. H. Freeman and Company New York N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Kuby J. 1996. Immunology p. 325-326. W. H. Freeman and Company New York N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"Lansing Michigan Department of Public Health. 1978. Anthrax vaccine adsorbed (package insert). Lansing Michigan Department of Public Health Lansing."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(91)95162-D","volume":"195","year":"1991","unstructured":"Leppla, S. H. 1991. Purification and characterization of adenylyl cyclase from Bacillus anthracis. Methods Enzymol.195:153-168.","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.12.5171-5175.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(99)80004-5","volume":"1","year":"1999","unstructured":"Little, S. F., and B. E. Ivins. 1999. Molecular pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis infection. Microbes Infect.1:131-139.","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830131007","volume":"13","year":"1983","unstructured":"M\u00e4kel\u00e4, O., and F. P\u00e9terfy. 1983. Standard sera in solid-phase immunoassays. Eur. J. Immunol.13:815-819.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"147","volume":"15","year":"1994","unstructured":"Maranon, F., M. Casanovas, L. Berrens, J. M. Olles, and M. A. Dieguez. 1994. A competitive enzyme immunoassay subclass for the determination of total IgG subclass levels in human serum. J. Immunol.15:147-156.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","unstructured":"Moore D. S. and G. P. McCabe. 1993. Introduction to the practice of statistics 2nd ed. p. 499-573. W. H. Freeman and Company New York N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-7439(93)80008-6","volume":"20","year":"1993","unstructured":"O'Connel, M. A., B. A. Belanger, and P. D. Haaland. 1993. Calibration and assay development using the four-parameter logistic model. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst.20:97-114.","journal-title":"Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1006\/prep.2000.1208","volume":"18","year":"2000","unstructured":"Park, S., and S. H. Leppla. 2000. Optimized production and purification of Bacillus anthracis lethal factor. Protein Expr. Purif.18:293-302.","journal-title":"Protein Expr. Purif."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(00)00174-2","volume":"19","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pittman, P. R., J. A. Mangiafico, C. A. Rossi, T. L. Cannon, P. H. Gibbs, G. W. Parker, and A. M. Friedlander. 2000. Anthrax vaccine: increasing intervals between the first two doses enhances antibody response in humans. Vaccine19:213-216.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00387-5","volume":"20","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pittman, P. R., P. H. Gibbs, T. L. Cannon, and A. M. Friedlander. 2001. Anthrax vaccine: short-term safety experience in humans. Vaccine20:972-978.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00462-5","volume":"20","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pittman, P. R., G. Kim-Ahn, D. Y. Pifat, K. Coonan, P. Gibbs, S. Little, J. G. Pace-Templeton, R. Myers, G. W. Parker, and A. M. Friedlander. 2002. Anthrax vaccine: immunogenicity and safety of a dose-reduction, route-change comparison study in humans. Vaccine20:1412-1420.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.7.1439-1446.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.10.2441-2447.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","unstructured":"Plikaytis B. D. P. F. Holder and G. M. Carlone. 1996. Program ELISA for Windows user's manual version 2.00. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Ga."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020380","volume":"8","year":"2002","unstructured":"Quinn, C. P., V. A. Semenova, C. M. Elie, S. Romero-Steiner, C. Greene, H. Li, K. L. Stamey, E. Steward-Clark, D. S. Schmidt, E. Mothershed, J. Pruckler, S. Schwartz, R. F. Benson, L. O. Helsel, P. Holder, S. E. Johnson, M. Kellum, T. Messmer, W. L. Thacker, L. Besser, B. D. Plikaytis, T. H. Taylor, Jr., A. E. Freeman, K. J. Wallace, P. Dull, J. Sejvar, E. Bruce, R. Moreno, A. Schuchat, J. R. Lingappa, S. K. Martin, J. Walls, M. Bronsdon, G. M. Carlone, M. Bajani-Ari, D. A. Ashford, D. S. Stephens, and B. A. Perkins. 2002. Specific, sensitive, and quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human immunoglobulin G antibodies to anthrax protective antigen. Emerg. Infect. Dis.8:1103-1110.","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/77.1.12","volume":"77","year":"1982","unstructured":"Reimer, C. B., S. J. Smith, T. W. Wells, R. M. Nakamura, P. W. Keitges, R. F. Ritchie, G. W. Williams, D. J. Hanson, and D. B. Dorsey. 1982. Collaborative calibration of the U.S. National and the College of American Pathologists reference preparation for specific serum proteins. Am. J. Clin. Pathol.77:12-19.","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1089\/hyb.1984.3.263","volume":"3","year":"1984","unstructured":"Reimer, C. B., D. J. Phillips, C. H. Aloisio, D. Moore, G. G. Galland, T. W. Wells, C. M. Black, and J. S. McDougal. 1984. Evaluation of thirty-one mouse monoclonal antibodies to human IgG epitopes. Hybridoma3:263-273.","journal-title":"Hybridoma"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63548-1","volume":"163","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shieh, W. J., J. Guarner, C. Paddock, P. Greer, K. Tatti, M. Fischer, M. Layton, M. Philips, E. Bresnitz, C. P Quinn, T. Popovic, B. A. Perkins, and S. R. Zaki. 2003. The critical role of pathology in the investigation of bioterrorism-related cutaneous anthrax. Am. J. Pathol.163:1901-1910.","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1159\/000234258","volume":"82","year":"1987","unstructured":"S\u00f6derstrom, T., R. S\u00f6derstrom, A. Avanzini, P. Brandtzaeg, G. Karlsson, and L. A. Hanson. 1987. Immunoglobulin G subclass deficiencies. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol.82:476-480.","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020354","volume":"8","year":"2002","unstructured":"Traeger, M. S., S. T. Wiersma, N. E. Rosenstein, J. M. Maleckit, C. W. Shepard, P. L. Raghunathan, S. P. Pillai, T. Popovic, C. P. Quinn, R. F. Meyer, S. R. Zaki, S. C. Tierney, J. D. Jones, B. A. Perkins, and the Florida Investigation Team. 2002. First case of bioterrorism-related international anthrax in the United States, Palm Beach County, Florida, 2001. Emerg. Infect. Dis.8:1029-1034.","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CDLI.11.5.919-923.2004","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CDLI.11.5.919-923.2004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T20:35:07Z","timestamp":1627590907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CDLI.11.5.919-923.2004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CDLI.11.5.919-923.2004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cdli.11.5.919-923.2004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6811","1556-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6811","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-679X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-04-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2004-06-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}