{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T20:23:24Z","timestamp":1715977404489},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]],"date-time":"2005-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We determined total and\n            <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n            glucuronoxylomannan (GXM)-reactive antibody repertoires of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected Ugandans in a retrospective, case-control study of participants in a randomized controlled trial of pneumococcal vaccination. The study included 192 adults: 48 who subsequently developed cryptococcal meningitis (CM); (HIV\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            CM\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            ); 2 individuals who matched them in CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T-cell level, stage of HIV disease, and age but did not develop CM (HIV\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            CM\n            <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            ); and 48 HIV-uninfected individuals. Total serum immunoglobulin concentrations and titers of immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA to GXM, pneumococcal polysaccharides, and antibodies expressing certain V\n            <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n            3 idiotypes were determined with banked sera obtained before the development of cryptococcosis for HIV\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            CM\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            subjects. The results showed that HIV-infected subjects had significantly lower levels of IgM to GXM but higher levels of total immunoglobulin and IgG and IgA to GXM than those of HIV-uninfected subjects. HIV-infected subjects with a history of pneumonia had higher levels, and those with a history of herpes zoster had lower levels of GXM-binding antibodies than subjects with no history of either disease. Minimal to no cross-reactivity was demonstrated between antibodies to GXM and polysaccharides in a pneumococcal vaccine. No significant differences between the antibody repertoires of HIV\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            CM\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            and HIV\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            CM\n            <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            subjects were identified, but among subjects without a history of pneumonia, there was a trend towards lower V\n            <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n            3-positive antibody levels among HIV\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            CM\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            than among HIV\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            CM\n            <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            subjects. Our findings demonstrate an association between previous infectious diseases and differences in the total and GXM-reactive antibody repertoires of HIV-infected subjects and suggest the question of whether certain microbes modulate subsequent antibody responses to GXM deserves further study.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.12.10.1168-1176.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,6]],"date-time":"2005-10-06T18:48:14Z","timestamp":1128624494000},"page":"1168-1176","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["<i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i>\n            -Reactive and Total Immunoglobulin Profiles of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected and Uninfected Ugandans"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Krishanthi","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Medical Research Council Programme on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liise-anne","family":"Pirofski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology"},{"name":"Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1086\/515369","volume":"178","year":"1998","unstructured":"Abadi, J., J. 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