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Persistent infection with<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>in gastric mucosa was detected by real-time RT-PCR during 6 months after infection, but no<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>was isolated 4 months after infection by cultivation. Infiltration with neutrophils and mononuclear cells was observed from 2 months after infection. Both intestinal metaplasia and gastric atrophy were also detected from 2 months after infection. The results by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that antibody titers against whole<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>antigens,<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), and<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>GroEL were significantly higher in the infected gerbils than in noninfected gerbils. After long-term infection with<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>for 18 months, marked atrophy of gastric mucosa and multiple cysts in the submucosa were observed in the glandular stomach of the infected gerbils. In addition, squamous cell papilloma with hyperkeratosis was observed in cardia of all the infected gerbils. These results indicate that evaluation of bacterial colonization during long-term infection can be done by real-time RT-PCR and that mucosal damage might be induced by host immune response against whole<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>antigen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.12.2.347-353.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,7]],"date-time":"2005-02-07T22:28:47Z","timestamp":1107815327000},"page":"347-353","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Long-Term Infection of Mongolian Gerbils with<i>Helicobacter pylori:<\/i>Microbiological, Histopathological, and Serological Analyses"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shigehito","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Microbiology and Biochemistry, Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka"},{"name":"Aventis Pharma Ltd., Minami-dai, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takako","family":"Osaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Microbiology and Biochemistry, Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka"},{"name":"Aventis Pharma Ltd., Minami-dai, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Fujioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Microbiology and Biochemistry, Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka"},{"name":"Aventis Pharma Ltd., Minami-dai, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Microbiology and Biochemistry, Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka"},{"name":"Aventis Pharma Ltd., Minami-dai, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Kamiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Microbiology and Biochemistry, Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka"},{"name":"Aventis Pharma Ltd., Minami-dai, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.6.2031-2040.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.30.17771"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","first-page":"1161","volume":"20","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dixon, M. 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