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TSST-1 exhibits its deleterious effects by leading to the abnormal proliferation of, e.g., V\u03b22<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells and overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines. In the present study we examined the inhibitory effect of a Chinese herbal extract, anisodamine, on TSST-1 using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Anisodamine inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines better than interleukin-10 (an anti-inflammatory cytokine). The inhibitory effect of anisodamine was greater than that of any tropane alkaloid examined. Anisodamine acted directly on both monocytes and T cells in human PBMCs, and the effect was confirmed at the transcriptional level. Inhibition of NF-\u03baB activation was also demonstrated. In contrast, no significant inhibition of V\u03b22<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T-cell proliferation was observed. In mice injected with TSST-1, anisodamine treatment significantly decreased serum proinflammatory cytokine levels and prevented TSST-1-induced death. These results suggest that anisodamine specifically acts against the production of cytokines (inflammatory cytokines in particular) and not against V\u03b22<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T-cell proliferation and that anisodamine may have a beneficial effect on TSST-1-associated disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.12.3.399-408.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,7]],"date-time":"2005-03-07T16:15:46Z","timestamp":1110212146000},"page":"399-408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Specific Inhibitory Action of Anisodamine against a Staphylococcal Superantigenic Toxin, Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 (TSST-1), Leading to Down-Regulation of Cytokine Production and Blocking of TSST-1 Toxicity in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Saori","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Kushiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikue","family":"Taneike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken'ichi","family":"Imanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takehiko","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuo","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious Disease Control and International Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"274","volume":"5","year":"1973","unstructured":"Anonymous, from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Beijing Friendship Hospital. 1973. 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