{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T02:43:55Z","timestamp":1790390635904,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            An immunochromatographic test for rapid detection of IgM antibodies in patients with acute hepatitis E infection was developed utilizing the well-characterized recombinant protein EP2.1 and monoclonal antibody 4B2. The new rapid test based on a novel reverse-flow technology was able to generate a positive result within 2 to 3 min. Our study showed that this test was able to detect anti-HEV IgM antibodies in 96.7% of the patient samples tested (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 151) while maintaining an excellent specificity of 98.6% with samples from various patient or healthy control groups (total\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 208). Furthermore, this rapid test gave a good specificity of 90.9% when tested with rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive sera (RF value of \u2264850 IU\/ml;\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 11) although a higher concentration of RF in samples might cause cross-reactivity. The new test has a good agreement of 97.2% with a kappa value of 0.943 when compared with a reference enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The positive predictive value and the negative predictive value for the rapid test thus reached 98.0 and 97.6%, respectively. This is the first rapid, point-of-care test for hepatitis E and will be especially useful for the diagnosis of acute hepatitis E virus infection in field and emergency settings and in resource-poor countries.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.12.5.593-598.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,5]],"date-time":"2005-05-05T17:23:00Z","timestamp":1115313780000},"page":"593-598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Comparison of a New Immunochromatographic Test to Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Rapid Detection of Immunoglobulin M Antibodies to Hepatitis E Virus in Human Sera"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hsiao Ying","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genelabs Diagnostics Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Republic of Singapore"},{"name":"Select Vaccines Ltd., Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genelabs Diagnostics Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Republic of Singapore"},{"name":"Select Vaccines Ltd., Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genelabs Diagnostics Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Republic of Singapore"},{"name":"Select Vaccines Ltd., Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genelabs Diagnostics Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Republic of Singapore"},{"name":"Select Vaccines Ltd., Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla Yiquan","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genelabs Diagnostics Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Republic of Singapore"},{"name":"Select Vaccines Ltd., Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Ping","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genelabs Diagnostics Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Republic of Singapore"},{"name":"Select Vaccines Ltd., Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chee Poh","family":"Chia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genelabs Diagnostics Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Republic of Singapore"},{"name":"Select Vaccines Ltd., Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genelabs Diagnostics Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Republic of Singapore"},{"name":"Select Vaccines Ltd., Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-0934(99)00069-5","volume":"81","year":"1999","unstructured":"Anderson, D. A., F. Li, M. Riddell, T. Howard, H.-F. Seow, J. Torresi, G. Perry, D. Sumarisidi, S. M. Shrestha, and I. L. Shrestha. 1999. ELISA for IgG-class antibody to hepatitis E virus based on a highly conserved, conformational epitope expressed in Escherichia coli. J. Virol. Methods81:131-142.","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(84)90079-X","volume":"9","year":"1984","unstructured":"Briantais, M. J., L. Grangeot-Keros, and J. Pillot. 1984. Specificity and sensitivity of the IgM capture immunoassay: studies of possible factors inducing false positive or false negative results. J. Virol. Methods9:15-26.","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.384","volume":"13","year":"2003","unstructured":"Emerson, S. U., and R. H. Purcell. 2003. Hepatitis E virus. Rev. Med. Virol.13:145-154.","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp048285","volume":"351","year":"2004","unstructured":"Emerson, S. U., and R. H. Purcell. 2004. Running like water: the omnipresence of hepatitis E. N. Engl. J. Med.351:2367-2368.","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.11.2.287-291.2004","volume":"11","year":"2004","unstructured":"Guan, M., H. Y. Chen, S. Y. Foo, Y. J. Tan, P. Y. Goh, and S. H. Wee. 2004. Recombinant protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunochromatographic tests for detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus in SARS patients. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol.11:287-291.","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","unstructured":"Guan M. H. Y. Chen T. P. Chow A. R. Pereira and P. K. Mun. November 2001. Assay devices and methods of analyte detection. U.S. patent 6 316 205."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.29.1.166-173.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.5.952-958.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90230-M","volume":"191","year":"1992","unstructured":"Huang, C. C., D. Nguyen, J. Fernandez, K. Y. Yun, K. E. Fry, D. W. Bradley, A. W. Tam, and G. R. Reyes. 1992. Molecular cloning and sequencing of the Mexico isolate of hepatitis E virus (HEV). Virology191:550-558.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","first-page":"51","volume":"4","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hussani, S. H., S. J. Skidmore, P. Richardson, L. M. Sherratt, B. T. Cooper, and J. G. O'Grady. 1997. Severe hepatitis E infection during pregnancy. J. Viral Hepat.4:51-54.","journal-title":"J. Viral Hepat."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","first-page":"639","volume":"9","year":"2002","unstructured":"Innes, B. L., J. Seriwatana, R. A. Robinson, M. P. Shrestha, P. O. Yarbough, C. F. Longer, R. M. Scott, D. W. Vaughn, and K. S. A. Myint. 2002. Quantitation of immunoglobulin to hepatitis E virus by enzyme immunoassay. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol.9:639-648.","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.9.2060-2066.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199707)52:3<289::AID-JMV10>3.0.CO;2-E","volume":"52","year":"1997","unstructured":"Li, F., J. Torresi, S. A. Locarnini, H. Zhuang, W. F. Zhu, X. X. Guo, and D. A. Anderson. 1997. Amino-terminal epitopes are exposed when full-length open reading frame 2 of hepatitis E virus is expressed in Escherichia coli, but carboxy-terminal epitopes are masked. J. Med. Virol.52:289-300.","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.2.1.98-103.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.10.3229-3232.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","first-page":"1335","volume":"274","year":"1990","unstructured":"Reyes, G. R., M. A. Purdy, J. P. Kim, K. C. Luk, L. M. Young, K. E. Fry, and D. W. Bradley. 1990. Isolation of a cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science274:1335-1339.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.17.8011-8017.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(91)90760-9","volume":"185","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tam, A. W., M. M. Smith, M. E. Guerra, C. C. Huang, D. W. Bradley, K. E. Fry, and G. R. Reyes. 1991. Hepatitis E virus (HEV): molecular cloning and sequencing of the full-length viral genome. Virology185:120-131.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","first-page":"579","volume":"10","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yu, C., R. E. Engle, J. P. Bryan, S. U. Emerson, and R. H. Purcell. 2003. Detection of immunoglobulin M antibodies to hepatitis E virus by class capture enzyme immunoassay. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol.10:579-586.","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200464140-00002","volume":"64","year":"2004","unstructured":"Worm, H. C., and G. Wirnsberger. 2004. Hepatitis E vaccines: progress and prospects. Drug64:1517-1531.","journal-title":"Drug"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CDLI.12.5.593-598.2005","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CDLI.12.5.593-598.2005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T20:36:12Z","timestamp":1627590972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CDLI.12.5.593-598.2005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CDLI.12.5.593-598.2005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cdli.12.5.593-598.2005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6811","1556-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6811","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-679X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-01-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-03-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}