{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:35:52Z","timestamp":1791095752578,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,1]],"date-time":"2005-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Wild caught rock pigeons (\n            <jats:italic>Columba livia<\/jats:italic>\n            ) with antibodies to West Nile virus were monitored for 15 months to determine antibody persistence and compare results of three serologic techniques. Antibodies persisted for the entire study as detected by epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and plaque reduction neutralization test. Maternal antibodies in squabs derived from seropositive birds persisted for an average of 27 days.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.12.5.665-667.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,5]],"date-time":"2005-05-05T17:23:00Z","timestamp":1115313780000},"page":"665-667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Persistence of Antibodies to West Nile Virus in Naturally Infected Rock Pigeons (\n            <i>Columba livia<\/i>\n            )"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Samantha E. J.","family":"Gibbs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, School of Forest Resources, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Laboratories\u2014 Tampa, 3602 Spectrum Blvd., Tampa, Florida 33612"},{"name":"Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas M.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, School of Forest Resources, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Laboratories\u2014 Tampa, 3602 Spectrum Blvd., Tampa, Florida 33612"},{"name":"Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lillian M.","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, School of Forest Resources, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Laboratories\u2014 Tampa, 3602 Spectrum Blvd., Tampa, Florida 33612"},{"name":"Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole L.","family":"Marlenee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, School of Forest Resources, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Laboratories\u2014 Tampa, 3602 Spectrum Blvd., Tampa, Florida 33612"},{"name":"Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley J.","family":"Blitvich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, School of Forest Resources, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Laboratories\u2014 Tampa, 3602 Spectrum Blvd., Tampa, Florida 33612"},{"name":"Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry J.","family":"Beaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, School of Forest Resources, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Laboratories\u2014 Tampa, 3602 Spectrum Blvd., Tampa, Florida 33612"},{"name":"Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Stallknecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, School of Forest Resources, Athens, Georgia 30602"},{"name":"Florida Department of Health, Bureau of Laboratories\u2014 Tampa, 3602 Spectrum Blvd., Tampa, Florida 33612"},{"name":"Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 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B., D. G. Mead, S. E. J. Gibbs, D. M. Hoffman, and D. E. Stallknecht. 2004. West Nile virus viremia in wild rock pigeons. Emerg. Infect. Dis.10:2252-2255.","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.3.1041-1047.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"99","year":"1973","unstructured":"Casals, J. 1973 Arbovirus infections, p. 99-117. In J. R. Paul and C. White (ed.), Serological epidemiology. Academic Press, New York, N.Y.","journal-title":"Serological epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1958.7.561","volume":"7","year":"1958","unstructured":"Clarke, D. H., and J. Casals. 1958. Techniques for hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition with arthropod-borne viruses. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.7:561-573.","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. 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