{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]],"date-time":"2024-01-28T17:38:03Z","timestamp":1706463483030},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]],"date-time":"2005-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>infection is one of the most common gastrointestinal infections worldwide and almost invariably causes chronic gastritis in the infected host. A predominant Th1 profile has been demonstrated in<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-infected mucosa from adults, but no previous study has evaluated in situ cytokine expression in children. We therefore examined expression of proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and regulatory cytokines by immunohistochemistry in cryopreserved antral biopsy specimens from 10<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-infected and 10 uninfected children and correlated expression of cytokines with histology scores. Concomitant expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3), IL-4, transforming growth factor \u03b2, and tumor necrosis factor alpha was seen in 8\/10<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-infected cases and in 5\/10 noninfected cases; all<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-infected subjects showed staining for at least two of the cytokines. The proportion of epithelial cytokine-specific staining did not differ significantly between the groups, either in surface or glandular epithelium. Furthermore, no significant differences were noticed between intraepithelial or lamina propria lymphocyte staining in the groups. There was, however, a tendency of higher numbers of IFN-\u03b3- and IL-8-positive cells in the<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-infected group. IFN-\u03b3 and IL-8 lamina propria lymphocyte expression correlated significantly with antrum chronic inflammation, but there was no correlation between histology scores and epithelial cytokine expression. When the same techniques were used, the cytokine response appeared to be smaller in<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>-infected children than in adults, and there was no clear Th1 dominance. These results therefore suggest a different mucosal immunopathology in children. It remains to be determined whether the gastric immune response is downregulated in children with<jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>infection and whether this is relevant to the outcome of infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.12.8.994-1002.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,5]],"date-time":"2005-08-05T22:13:00Z","timestamp":1123279980000},"page":"994-1002","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cytokine Expression in Pediatric<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ana I.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Paediatric Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden"},{"name":"Pathology Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"and Helicobacter Unit, Bacteriology Department, INSA, Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Quiding-Jarbrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Paediatric Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden"},{"name":"Pathology Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"and Helicobacter Unit, Bacteriology Department, INSA, Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Palha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Paediatric Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden"},{"name":"Pathology Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"and Helicobacter Unit, Bacteriology Department, INSA, Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose\u0301","family":"Ruivo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Paediatric Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden"},{"name":"Pathology Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"and Helicobacter Unit, Bacteriology Department, INSA, Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lurdes","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Paediatric Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden"},{"name":"Pathology Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"and Helicobacter Unit, Bacteriology Department, INSA, Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mo\u0301nica","family":"Oleastro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Paediatric Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden"},{"name":"Pathology Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"and Helicobacter Unit, Bacteriology Department, INSA, Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Paediatric Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden"},{"name":"Pathology Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"and Helicobacter Unit, Bacteriology Department, INSA, Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afonso","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Paediatric Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden"},{"name":"Pathology Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"and Helicobacter Unit, Bacteriology Department, INSA, Lisboa, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.00770.x","volume":"28","year":"1998","unstructured":"Akopyants, N. S., S. W. Clifton, D. Kersulyte, J. E. Crabtree, B. E. Youree, C. A. Reece, N. O. Bukanov, E. S. Drazek, B. A. Roe, and D. E. Berg. 1998. Analyses of the cag pathogenicity island of Helicobacter pylori. Mol. Microbiol.28:37-53.","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01285.x","volume":"24","year":"1999","unstructured":"Alarcon, T., D. Domingo, M. J. Martinez, and M. Lopez-Brea. 1999. cagA gene and vacA alleles in Spanish Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates from patients at different ages. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol.24:215-219.","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"1150","volume":"91","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ando, T., K. Kusugami, M. Ohsuga, M. Shinoda, M. Sakakibara, H. Saito, A. Fukatsu, S. Ichiyama, and M. Ohta. 1996. Interleukin-8 activity correlates with histological severity in Helicobacter pylori-associated antral gastritis. Am. J. Gastroenterol.91:1150-1156.","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199402000-00005","volume":"18","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ashorn, M., T. Ruuska, R. Karikoski, J. Valipakka, and M. Maki. 1994. Gastric mucosal densities in Helicobacter pylori-positive and -negative dyspeptic children and healthy controls. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.18:146-151.","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.3109\/07853899509002480","volume":"27","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ashorn, M. 1995. What are the specific features of Helicobacter pylori gastritis in children? Ann. Med.27:617-620.","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70531-1","volume":"114","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bamford, K., X. Fan, S. E. Crowe, J. F. Leary, W. K. Gourley, G. K. Luthra, E. G. Brooks, D. Y. Graham, V. E. Reyes, and P. B. Ernst. 1998. Lymphocytes in the human gastric mucosa during Helicobacter pylori have a T helper cell 1 phenotype. Gastroenterology114:482-492.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1155\/1999\/142457","volume":"13","year":"1999","unstructured":"Blanchard, T. G., J. G. Nedrud, and S. H. Czinn. 1999. Local and systemic antibody responses in humans with Helicobacter pylori infection. Can. J. Gastroenterol.13:591-594.","journal-title":"Can. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-5378.2003.00147.x","volume":"8","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bontems, P., F. Robert, A. Van Gossum, S. Cadranel, and F. Mascart. 2003. Helicobacter pylori modulation of gastric and duodenal mucosal T cell cytokine secretions in children compared to adults. Helicobacter8:216-226.","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-5378.2003.00176.x","volume":"8","year":"2003","unstructured":"Camorlinga-Ponce, M., F. Aviles-Jimenez, L. Cabrera, R. Hernandez-Pando, O. Munoz, J. Soza, and J. Torres. 2003. Intensity of inflammation, density of colonization and interleukin-8 response in the gastric mucosa of children infected with Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter8:554-560.","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.47.1.61","volume":"47","year":"1994","unstructured":"Crabtree, J. E., J. I. Wyatt, L. K. Trejdosiewicz, P. Peichl, P. H. Nichols, N. Ramsay, J. N. Primrose, and I. J. Lindley. 1994. Interleukin-8 expression in Helicobacter pylori infected, normal, and neoplastic gastroduodenal mucosa. J. Clin. Pathol.47:61-66.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1996.22164003.x","volume":"10","year":"1996","unstructured":"Crabtree, J. E. 1996. Gastric mucosal inflammatory responses to Helicobacter pylori. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.10(Suppl. 1):29-37.","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90009-8","volume":"108","year":"1995","unstructured":"Crowe, S. E., L. Alvarez, M. Dytoc, R. H. Hunt, M. Muller, P. Sherman, J. Patel, Y. Jin, and P. B. Ernst. 1995. Expression of interleukin-8 and CD54 by human gastric epithelium after Helicobacter pylori infection in vitro. Gastroenterology108:65-74.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1086\/515634","volume":"178","year":"1998","unstructured":"Czinn, S. J., H. S. Carr, and W. T. Speck. 1998. Diagnosis of gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori in children by means of ELISA. J. Infect. Dis.178:460-465.","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.8.2853-2857.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270723","volume":"27","year":"1997","unstructured":"D'Elios, M. M., M. Manghetti, F. Almerigogna, A. Amedei, F. Costa, D. Burroni, C. T. Baldari, S. Romagnani, J. L. Telford, and G. Del Prete. 1997. Different cytokine profile and antigen-specificity repertoire in Helicobacter pylori-specific T cell clones from the antrum of chronic gastritis patients with or without peptic ulcer. Eur. J. Immunol.27:1751-1755.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"1161","volume":"20","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dixon, M. F., R. M. Genta, J. H. Yardley, H. John, P. Correa, and the Participants in the International Workshop on the Histopathology of Gastritis. 1996. Classification and grading of gastritis: the updated Sydney System. Am. J. Surg. Pathol.20:1161-1181.","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(21)00270-3","volume":"22","year":"1993","unstructured":"Drumm, B. 1993. Helicobacter pylori in the pediatric patient. Gastroenterol. Clin. N. Am.22:169-182.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S626","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200406002-00008","volume":"39","year":"2004","unstructured":"Drumm, B., A. S. Day, B. Gold, F. Gottrand, S. Kato, E. Kawakami, A. Madrazo, J. Snyder, and J. Thomas. 2004. Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer: Working Group Report of the Second World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.39:S626-S631.","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)80009-1","volume":"113","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ernst, P. B., S. E. Crowe, and V. E. Reyes. 1997. How does Helicobacter pylori cause mucosal damage? The inflammatory response. Gastroenterology113:S35-S42, S50.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199905000-00005","volume":"28","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ernst, P. B., and B. D. Gold. 1999. Helicobacter pylori in childhood: new insights into the immunopathogenesis of gastric disease and implications for managing infection in children. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.28:462-473.","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.54.1.615","volume":"54","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ernst, P. B., and B. D. Gold. 2000. The disease spectrum of Helicobacter pylori: the immunopathogenesis of gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. Annu. Rev. Microbiol.54:615-640.","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.10.1659","volume":"187","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fan, X., S. E. Crowe, S. Behar, H. Gunasena, G. Ye, H. Haeberle, N. Van Houten, W. Gourely, P. B. Ernst, and V. E. Reyes. 1998. The effect of class II major histocompatibility complex expression on adherence of Helicobacter pylori and induction of apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells: a mechanism for T helper cell type 1-mediated damage. J. Exp. Med.187:1659-1669.","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.48.2.133","volume":"48","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fan, X. G., A. Chua, X. J. Fan, and P. W. Keeling. 1995. Increased gastric production of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. J. Clin. Pathol.48:133-136.","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011661","volume":"54","year":"1998","unstructured":"Farthing, M. J. 1998. Helicobacter pylori infection: an overview. Br. Med. Bull.54:1-6.","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"3","volume":"16","year":"2002","unstructured":"Go, M. F. 2002. Natural history and epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.16(Suppl. 1):3-15.","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200108000-00006","volume":"33","year":"2001","unstructured":"Guiraldes, E., I. Duarte, A. Pena, A. Godoy, M. N. Espinosa, R. Bravo, F. Larrain, M. Schultz, and P. Harris. 2001. Proinflammatory cytokine expression in gastric tissue from children with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.33:127-132.","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"175","volume":"36","year":"2003","unstructured":"Holck, S., A. Norgaard, M. Bennedsen, H. Permin, S. Norn, and L. P. Andersen. 2003. Gastric mucosal cytokine responses in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients with gastritis and peptic ulcers. Association with inflammatory parameters and bacteria load. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol.36:175-180.","journal-title":"Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.3.341","volume":"36","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kartunnen, R., T. Kartunnen, H. P. Ekre, and T. T. MacDonald. 1995. Interferon gamma and interleukin-4 secreting cells in the gastric antrum in Helicobacter pylori positive and negative gastritis. Gut36:341-345.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"59","volume":"9","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kuipers, E. J., J. C. Thijs, and H. P. Festen. 1995. The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.9:59-69.","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1998.00009.x","volume":"12","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kuipers, E. J. 1998. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori, atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.12:25-36.","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1997.tb15172.x","volume":"86","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kutukuler, N., S. Aydogdu, D. Goksen, S. Caglayan, and R. V. Yagcyi. 1997. Increased mucosal inflammatory cytokines in children with Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis. Acta Paediatr.86:928-931.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.12.5964-5971.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.1.523-531.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S1590-8658(01)80130-4","volume":"33","year":"2001","unstructured":"Luzza, F., T. Parrelo, and L. Sebkova. 2001. Expression of proinflammatory and TH1 but not TH2 cytokines is enhanced in gastric mucosa of Helicobacter pylori infected children. Dig. Liver Dis.33:14-20.","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.11.2747"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4729","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.12.4729","volume":"156","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mohammadi, M., S. Czinn, R. Redline, and J. Nedrud. 1996. Helicobacter-specific cell-mediated immune responses display a predominant Th1 phenotype and promote a delayed-type hypersensitivity response in the stomachs of mice. J. Immunol.156:4729-4738.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970410)71:2<131::AID-IJC1>3.0.CO;2-1","volume":"71","year":"1997","unstructured":"Naef, M., T. Ishiwata, M. Friess, M. W. Buchler, L. I. Gold, and M. Kore. 1997. Differential localization of transforming growth factor-\u03b2 isoforms in human gastric mucosa and overexpression in gastric carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer71:131-137.","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529409096833","volume":"29","year":"1994","unstructured":"Noach, L. A., N. B. Bosma, J. Jansen, F. J. Hoek, S. J. van Daventer, and G. N. Tytgat. 1994. Mucosal tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-8 production in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Scand. J. Gastroenterol.29:425-429.","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0865-3","volume":"22","year":"2003","unstructured":"Oleastro, M., M. Gerhard, A. I. Lopes, P. Ramalho, J. Cabral, A. Sousa Guerreiro, and L. Monteiro. 2003. Helicobacter pylori virulence genotypes in Portuguese children and adults with gastroduodenal pathology. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.22:85-91.","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","first-page":"760","volume":"73","year":"1995","unstructured":"Peek, R. M., G. G. Miller, K. T. Tham, G. I. Perez-Perez, X. Zhao, J. C. Atherton, and M. J. Blaser. 1995. Heightened inflammatory response and cytokine expression in vivo to cagA+Helicobacter strains. Lab. Investig.73:760-770.","journal-title":"Lab. Investig."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2004.tb02955.x","volume":"93","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shimizu, T., H. Haruna, Y. Ohtsuka, K. Kaneko, R. Gupta, and Y. Yamashiro. 2004. Cytokines in the gastric mucosa of children with Helicobacter pylori infection. Acta Paediatr.93:322-326.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.1998.00005.x","volume":"12","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sipponen, P., H. Hyvarinen, K. Seppala, and M. J. Blaser. 1998. Pathogenesis of the transformation from gastritis to malignancy. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther.12:61-67.","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(97)01000-1","volume":"18","year":"1997","unstructured":"Strober, W., B. Kesall, I. Fuss, T. Marth, B. Ludviksson, R. Ehrhardt, and M. Neurath. 1997. Reciprocal IFN-\u03b3 and TGF-\u03b2 responses regulate the occurrence of mucosal inflammation. Immunol. Today18:61-64.","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199902000-00010","volume":"45","year":"1999","unstructured":"Thomas, J. E., A. Dale, M. Harding, W. A. Coward, T. J. Cole, and L. T. Weaver. 1999. Helicobacter pylori colonization in early life. Pediatr. Res.45:218-223.","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","first-page":"84","volume":"56","year":"1993","unstructured":"Westblom, T. U., L. M. Lagging, B. R. Midkiff, and S. J. Czinn. 1993. Differences in antigenic recognition between adult and pediatric patients infected with Helicobacter pylori: analysis using Western blot technique. Acta Gastroenterol. Belg.56:84.","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol. Belg."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","first-page":"80","volume":"79","year":"1982","unstructured":"Whitehead, R. 1982. Morphological aspects of duodenitis. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl.79:80-83.","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.34781","volume":"123","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yamaoka, Y., S. Kikuchi, H. M. el-Zimaity, O. Gutierrez, M. S. Osato, and D. Y. Graham. 2002. Importance of Helicobacter pylori oipA in clinical presentation, gastric inflammation, and mucosal interleukin 8 production. Gastroenterology123:414-424.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.45.6.804","volume":"45","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yamaoka, Y., T. Kodama, M. Kita, J. Imanishi, K. Kashima, and D. Y. Graham. 1999. Relation between clinical presentation, Helicobacter pylori density, interleukin 1\u03b2 and 8 production, and cagA status. Gut45:804-811.","journal-title":"Gut"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CDLI.12.8.994-1002.2005","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CDLI.12.8.994-1002.2005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]],"date-time":"2024-01-28T16:46:07Z","timestamp":1706460367000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CDLI.12.8.994-1002.2005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CDLI.12.8.994-1002.2005"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cdli.12.8.994-1002.2005","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6811","1556-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6811","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-679X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-01-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-05-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}