{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T07:48:07Z","timestamp":1767167287120,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]],"date-time":"2005-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1125532800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The\n                    <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specific immune complex (IC) test, which uses polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation to isolate ICs from serum, has been used as a research test in the laboratory diagnosis of early Lyme disease (LD) and has been proposed as a marker of active infection. We examined whether\n                    <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specific antibodies were present within PEG-precipitated ICs (PEG-ICs) in patients with LD, posttreatment Lyme disease syndrome, and controls, including individuals who received the outer surface protein A (OspA) vaccine. Using a\n                    <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we obtained positive PEG-IC results not only in patients with a history of LD, but also in individuals vaccinated with OspA vaccine. The frequency of positive PEG-IC ELISAs in OspA vaccinees was significantly higher with ELISA-reactive than with ELISA-negative unprocessed serum samples (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.001), demonstrating dependency between the tests. Similar results were found using samples from rhesus macaques infected with\n                    <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , uninfected macaques vaccinated with OspA, and controls. Therefore, testing for the presence of antibodies against\n                    <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    in PEG-IC preparations is not more likely to reflect active infection than testing in unprocessed serum and should not be used in individuals who received the OspA vaccine.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.12.9.1036-1040.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,7]],"date-time":"2005-09-07T14:13:10Z","timestamp":1126102390000},"page":"1036-1040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Detection of Immune Complexes Is Not Independent of Detection of Antibodies in Lyme Disease Patients and Does Not Confirm Active Infection with\n                    <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Adriana R.","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"},{"name":"Clinical Services Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702"},{"name":"The EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald L.","family":"Hornung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"},{"name":"Clinical Services Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702"},{"name":"The EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Len","family":"Dally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"},{"name":"Clinical Services Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702"},{"name":"The EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario T.","family":"Philipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"},{"name":"Clinical Services Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702"},{"name":"The EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland"},{"name":"Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, Covington, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"1","volume":"46","year":"1997","unstructured":"Anonymous. 1997. 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