{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T01:19:35Z","timestamp":1772241575242,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,3,1]],"date-time":"1995-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":794016000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antibody- and cell-mediated responses to sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were analyzed in AIDS patients with or without a history of hypersensitivity and in negative controls. In 20 of 20 (P &lt; 0.01) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients with skin reactions to cotrimoxazole, we found SMX-specific antibodies, while only 9 of 20 and 17 of 20 HIV-seropositive patients without a history of hypersensitivity to cotrimoxazole had SMX-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG, respectively. The levels of specific IgM and IgG were higher in patients with skin reactions than in patients without reactions (IgM, 1.0 +\/- 0.19 versus 0.47 +\/- 0.23 [P &lt; 0.001]; IgG, 0.68 +\/- 0.15 versus 0.47 +\/- 0.14 [P &lt; 0.001] [mean optical density values +\/- standard deviations]). Seronegative controls with no history of exposure to sulfa compounds did not have SMX-specific IgG or IgM antibodies, and controls with a history of intake of SMX with or without reactions had low levels of IgG and IgM. The SMX-specific IgG subclasses were exclusively IgG1 and IgG3. None of the patients had detectable SMX-specific IgE or IgA antibodies nor did they exhibit a cell-mediated response as measured by a lymphocyte proliferation assay. Antibodies to SMX recognized N-acetyl-sulfonamide, N-(2-thiazolyl)-sulfanilamide, sulfadiazine, and sulfisoxazole but did not recognize sulfanilamide or 3-amino-5-methyl isoxazole in an inhibition assay. It is not known whether the SMX-specific antibodies associated with hypersensitivity reactions to SMX in HIV-seropositive patients have a pathogenic role in these reactions. Sulfanilamide or 3-amino-5-methyl isoxazole, on the other hand, could be potential alternative therapies in HIV-seropositive patients with a history of skin reactions to SMX.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.2.2.199-204.1995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T18:42:47Z","timestamp":1578336167000},"page":"199-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Immune response to sulfamethoxazole in patients with AIDS"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"M P","family":"Daftarian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L G","family":"Filion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Tropper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Diaz-Mitoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","container-title":["Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/cdli.2.2.199-204.1995","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/cdli.2.2.199-204.1995","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T06:02:07Z","timestamp":1645596127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/cdli.2.2.199-204.1995"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/cdli.2.2.199-204.1995"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cdli.2.2.199-204.1995","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-412X","1098-6588"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-412X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6588","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1995-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}