{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T16:44:21Z","timestamp":1698597861259},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,1]],"date-time":"1997-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":852076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Although low plasma vitamin A levels are associated with increased mortality and higher vertical transmission during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, it is unknown whether plasma low vitamin A levels are a marker for circulating HIV load. We conducted a cross-sectional study within a prospective cohort study of injection drug users in order to evaluate the relationship between plasma vitamin A levels and HIV viral load. Plasma vitamin A level was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Infectious viral load was measured by quantitative microculture of serial fivefold dilutions of 10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A total of 284 HIV-infected adults (79 women, 205 men) were studied. Plasma vitamin A levels consistent with deficiency were found in 28.9% of adults. A total of 38.0% of women and 25.3% of men had vitamin A deficiency (P &lt; 0.04). The median infectious viral load for the entire study population was 8 infectious units per million cells. No significant relationship between plasma vitamin A levels and infectious viral load was observed in these injection drug users. This study suggests that there is no correlation between HIV viral load and plasma vitamin A levels in injection drug users, and these variables may represent independent risk factors during HIV infection. HIV-infected adult women appear to be at higher risk of developing vitamin A deficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.4.1.93-95.1997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T18:39:00Z","timestamp":1578335940000},"page":"93-95","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Vitamin A levels and human immunodeficiency virus load in injection drug users"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"R D","family":"Semba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. rdsemba@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Farzadegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. rdsemba@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Vlahov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. rdsemba@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","container-title":["Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/cdli.4.1.93-95.1997","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/cdli.4.1.93-95.1997","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T06:31:34Z","timestamp":1645597894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/cdli.4.1.93-95.1997"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/cdli.4.1.93-95.1997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cdli.4.1.93-95.1997","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-412X","1098-6588"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-412X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6588","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1997-01-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}