{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:31:03Z","timestamp":1787016663570,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,1]],"date-time":"1997-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":857174400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Performances of anti-nuclear antibody testing by immunofluorescence assay (ANA-IFA) and enzyme immunoassay (ANA-EIA) were compared in relation to patient diagnosis. A total of 467 patient serum samples were tested by ANA-IFA (Kallestad; Sanofi) and ANA-EIA (RADIAS; Bio-Rad), and their age, sex, diagnosis, disease status, and medications were obtained through chart review. Reference ranges were established by testing 98 healthy blood donor samples. Eighty-six samples came from patients with diffuse connective tissue diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, or drug-induced lupus (n = 71); systemic sclerosis, CREST syndrome (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal motility abnormalities, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia), or Raynaud's syndrome (n = 8); Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome (n = 5); mixed connective tissue disease (n = 5); and polymyositis or dermatomyositis (n = 3). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for ANA-IFA were 87.2, 48.0, 29.1, and 93.9%, respectively, for the reference range of &lt; 1:160. For ANA-EIA, they were 90.7, 60.2, 35.8, and 96.4%, respectively, for the reference range of &lt; 0.9. ANA-EIA offers equivalent sensitivity and higher specificity compared to ANA-IFA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.4.2.185-188.1997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T13:39:11Z","timestamp":1578317951000},"page":"185-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Comparison of antinuclear antibody testing methods: immunofluorescence assay versus enzyme immunoassay"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"R A","family":"Gniewek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, California 94547, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D P","family":"Stites","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, California 94547, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T M","family":"McHugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, California 94547, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J F","family":"Hilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, California 94547, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, California 94547, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","container-title":["Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/cdli.4.2.185-188.1997","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/cdli.4.2.185-188.1997","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T02:02:39Z","timestamp":1645581759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/cdli.4.2.185-188.1997"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/cdli.4.2.185-188.1997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cdli.4.2.185-188.1997","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-412X","1098-6588"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-412X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6588","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1997-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}