{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:30:08Z","timestamp":1792175408626,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,1]],"date-time":"1997-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":867715200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The observations from the present study indicate that vaginal formulations of the sulfated polysaccharide carrageenan are highly effective in protecting mice from herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection. Test formulations were placed in the vaginas of progestin-treated mice prior to inoculation with HSV-2. Infection was determined by the presence of inflammation in the genital region and death. At a dose of virus that infected half of the control animals, 1% solutions of either lambda, kappa, or iota carrageenan prevented infection of almost all of the animals. Concentrations as low as 0.05% protected a large majority of the mice. At a dose of virus that infected all of the control mice, 1% solutions of carrageenans protected 85% of the inoculated mice. Other sulfated polysaccharides were less effective or showed no efficacy in preventing HSV-2 infection. These findings suggest that a vaginal formulation of carrageenan may be effective in blocking sexual transmission of HSV-2 in women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.4.4.465-468.1997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T18:39:47Z","timestamp":1578335987000},"page":"465-468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Vaginal formulations of carrageenan protect mice from herpes simplex virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"V R","family":"Zacharopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Council, New York, New York 10021, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D M","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Council, New York, New York 10021, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","container-title":["Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/cdli.4.4.465-468.1997","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/cdli.4.4.465-468.1997","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T07:01:01Z","timestamp":1645599661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/cdli.4.4.465-468.1997"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/cdli.4.4.465-468.1997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cdli.4.4.465-468.1997","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-412X","1098-6588"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-412X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6588","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1997-07-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}