{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T18:32:51Z","timestamp":1773081171071,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,1]],"date-time":"1997-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":867715200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Identification of inexpensive and technically simple immunological tests useful in predicting the progression to AIDS in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients would be especially welcome in developing countries, in which 80% of HIV-infected patients reside and health budgets are low. In the current study, we evaluated CD4+ and total lymphocyte counts and the concentrations in serum of beta 2-microglobulin, p24 antigen, and immunoglobulin A (IgA) as predictors of disease progression in 74 Panamanian HIV-positive patients and 50 HIV-negative healthy individuals. Total lymphocyte and CD4(+)-cell counts for AIDS patients (1,451 +\/- 811 cells\/microliters, P &lt; 0.001, and 238 +\/- 392 cells\/microliters, P &lt; 0.0001, respectively and asymptomatic patients (2,393 +\/- 664 cells\/microliters, P &gt; 0.05, and 784 +\/- 475 cells\/microliters, P &lt; 0.001, respectively) were lower than those observed for healthy subjects (2,596 +\/- 631 cells\/microliters and 1,120 +\/- 296 cells\/microliters, respectively). The levels of beta 2-microglobulin and IgA in serum were significantly elevated in patients with AIDS (5.7 +\/- 3.6mg\/liter, P &lt; 0.001, and 541 +\/- 265 mg\/dl, P &lt; 0.0002, respectively) and asymptomatic infected subjects (3.4 +\/- 2.1 mg\/liter, P = 0.001, and 436 +\/- 216 mg\/dl, P &lt; 0.0001, respectively) compared with the levels in healthy subjects (2.2 +\/- 0.7 mg\/liter and 204 +\/- 113 mg\/dl, respectively). Nonstatistically significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) for concentrations of p24 antigen between asymptomatic infected patients (29 +\/- 13 pg\/ml) and AIDS patients (40 +\/- 23 pg\/ml) were observed. Total lymphocyte counts of 1,750 cells\/microliters or less, CD4 counts of 200 cells\/microliters or less, beta 2-microglobulin concentrations in serum of 4 mg\/liter or higher, concentrations of IgA in serum of 450 mg\/dl or higher, and the presence in serum of p24 antigen were correlated with elevated risks for developing AIDS. Monitoring both total lymphocytes and beta 2-microglobulin identified 91% of the AIDS patients; these assays may allow reductions in the annual number of CD4(+)-cell evaluations and the costs associated with monitoring both total lymphocytes and beta 2-microglobulin identified 91% of the AIDS patients; these assays may allow reductions in the annual number of CD4(+)-cell evaluations and the costs associated with monitoring the immune status of HIV-positive patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.4.4.474-477.1997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T18:39:48Z","timestamp":1578335988000},"page":"474-477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Immunological markers of disease progression in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"J M","family":"Pascale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M D","family":"Isaacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Austin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M C","family":"De Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R L","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G L","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Amador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","container-title":["Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/cdli.4.4.474-477.1997","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/cdli.4.4.474-477.1997","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T07:00:53Z","timestamp":1645599653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/cdli.4.4.474-477.1997"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/cdli.4.4.474-477.1997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cdli.4.4.474-477.1997","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-412X","1098-6588"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-412X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6588","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1997-07-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}