{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T15:02:00Z","timestamp":1761490920275},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,1,1]],"date-time":"1998-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":883612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Phagocytosis and oxidative burst in whole-blood granulocytes were assessed by flow cytometry with Phagotest and Bursttest kits, respectively. Seventy individuals were included in this study: 15 healthy, normal donors, 18 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1)-seropositive patients, 19 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), and 18 patients co-infected with\n            <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            and HIV-1 (TB-HIV). Granulocyte phagocytosis was assessed by incubating whole blood with fluorescence-labelled\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            and measuring the proportion of granulocytes with ingested bacteria and the capacity (fluorescence intensity) of each cell to phagocytose\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            . The percentage of granulocytes converting nonfluorescent dihydrorhodamine to fluorescent rhodamine 123 on production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) and the mean channel shift were assessed as a measure of oxidative burst. No differences in the proportion of granulocytes that were capable of phagocytosing or producing ROIs in response to\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            were observed between any of the study groups. Phagocytosis was significantly enhanced in granulocytes from HIV-1-infected individuals. On the other hand, granulocytes from individuals infected with\n            <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n            alone or in combination with HIV-1 had a significantly reduced capacity to phagocytose\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            and to produce ROIs in response to\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            as an agonist. These results provide evidence that granulocytes from individuals with pulmonary TB with or without concomitant infection with HIV-1 have an impaired ability to phagocytose and to undergo oxidative burst, possibly contributing to the enhanced susceptibility to opportunistic infections in these patients.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.5.1.41-44.1998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T19:19:40Z","timestamp":1577819980000},"page":"41-44","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Depressed Phagocytosis and Oxidative Burst in Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes from Individuals with Pulmonary Tuberculosis with or without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Sharon","family":"Shalekoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->MRC AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Virology, and Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline T.","family":"Tiemessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->MRC AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Virology, and Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clive M.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->MRC AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Virology, and Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Desmond J.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->MRC AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Virology, and Department of Virology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"135","article-title":"Evaluation of phagocyte functions, inflammatory lymphokine activities and in vitro antibody synthesis in patients with active and chronic pulmonary tuberculosis.","volume":"67","author":"Antonaci S.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Antonaci S. 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