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A total of 119 homosexual men (74 HIV-1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and 45 HIV-1<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>) were assessed at baseline, 10 weeks, and 6 months follow-up. At the 6-month follow-up assessment, the intervention groups exhibited significant beneficial effects compared to controls on changes in CD4 cell, total T-lymphocyte, and total lymphocyte counts, when baseline levels, antiretroviral medication use, CDC stage of disease, and other potentially confounding factors were accounted for. There was no statistically significant effect on the CD4\/CD8 ratio or on the CD8 cell count. The effect on CD4 cell count was associated with group attendance and with changes in plasma cortisol level. Plasma cortisol levels decreased significantly among intervention subjects, compared to controls. A significantly reduced number of health care visits over the 6-month follow-up period among the intervention subjects supported the clinical relevance of the immunological changes observed for both HIV-1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and HIV-1<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>individuals. These results indicate that behavioral interventions may have salutary immunological and clinical health effects following bereavement among HIV-1-infected individuals. The effect in HIV-1<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>individuals suggests that this bereavement support group intervention might have similar salutary effects in the general population. Potential effects of such interventions on clinical HIV disease progression are of interest and should be studied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.5.3.382-391.1998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T19:20:30Z","timestamp":1577820030000},"page":"382-391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["A Bereavement Support Group Intervention Is Longitudinally Associated with Salutary Effects on the CD4 Cell Count and Number of Physician Visits"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Karl","family":"Goodkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,1"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Neurology,2"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Psychology,3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Feaster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deshratn","family":"Asthana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Medicine,4"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy T.","family":"Blaney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahendra","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,1"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Psychology,3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teri","family":"Baldewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond S.","family":"Tuttle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Maher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Medicine,4"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 5-->Microbiology and Immunology,5 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 6-->Emmanuel Papper Clinical Immunology Laboratory,6University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna K.","family":"Baum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,1"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 7-->Epidemiology and Public Health,7"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Shapshak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,1"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Neurology,2"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Psychology,3"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 8-->Retrovirology Laboratory,8 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Ann","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Psychology,3"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Medicine,4"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 5-->Microbiology and Immunology,5 and"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 6-->Emmanuel Papper Clinical Immunology Laboratory,6University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders III\u2014revised. 1987 American Psychiatric Association Washington D.C"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.59.6.906"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)92780-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510210054027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199501263320401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540020068031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.56.2.267"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults.","volume":"41","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1992","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. 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