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Previous reports have suggested a possible correlation between iNOS, peroxynitrite, related nitrogen-derived oxidants, and the demyelinating processes in MS. We have demonstrated iNOS-immunoreactive cells in both acute-MS and diffuse-sclerosis-type lesions. In acute-MS lesions, iNOS was localized in both monocytes\/macrophages and reactive astrocytes. However, foamy (myelin-laden) macrophages and the majority of reactive astrocytes were iNOS negative. In specimens from the childhood MS patient, iNOS protein was present only in a subpopulation of reactive or hypertrophic astrocytes. In contrast, no iNOS staining was detected in chronic-MS lesions. Immunohistochemical staining of acute-MS lesions with an antibody to nitrotyrosine revealed codistribution of iNOS- and nitrotyrosine-positive cells, although nitrotyrosine staining was more widespread in cells of the monocyte\/macrophage lineage. In diffuse-sclerosis-type lesions, nitrotyrosine staining was present in hypertrophic astrocytes, whereas it was absent in chronic-MS lesions. These results suggest that NO and nitrogen-derived oxidants may play a role in the initiation of demyelination in acute-MS lesions but not in the later phase of the disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.5.4.438-445.1998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T19:20:49Z","timestamp":1577820049000},"page":"438-445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nitrotyrosine Are Found in Monocytes\/Macrophages and\/or Astrocytes in Acute, but Not in Chronic, Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Emilia L.","family":"Oleszak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology,1"},{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology,2 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Zaczynska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology,1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meena","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas3; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalin","family":"Butunoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Rocky Mountain Multiple Sclerosis Center, Englewood, Colorado4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agustin","family":"Legido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 5-->Section of Pediatric Neurology, St. Christopher\u2019s Hospital for Children, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences,5 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos D.","family":"Katsetos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 6-->Department of Microbiology and Immunology,6 Temple University School of Medicine, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00308926"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(89)90144-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.26.12041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0210330"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm3.1994.375.2.81"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001090050101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.4.2208-2213.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360515"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.55.2.227"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)91004-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.64051965.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.158.6.2940","article-title":"Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase for treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.","volume":"158","author":"Brenner T.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brenner T. 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