{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T12:39:01Z","timestamp":1719837541371},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,1]],"date-time":"1999-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":920246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regeneration and tolerance factor (RTF) plays a pivotal role in successful pregnancy outcome and has potent immunomodulating properties. During pregnancy, it is abundantly expressed in the placenta and on peripheral B lymphocytes. Several lines of evidence suggest that both successful pregnancy outcome and progression from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to AIDS are associated with a Th2-type response. As a result, we hypothesized that the cellular expression of RTF may also be increased during infection with HIV. Using flow cytometric analysis, we showed a significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.01) increased expression of RTF on CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells obtained from individuals with HIV over that for individuals without HIV. On average, 32.1% of the CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells from individuals with HIV expressed high levels of RTF. In contrast, an average of only 6.7% of the CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells from individuals without HIV expressed high levels of RTF. Similar results were obtained when CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells from individuals with (mean, 44.1%) and without (mean, 25.8%) HIV were evaluated. Linear regression analysis suggested that high levels of RTF expression by CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells correlated better with viral load (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>value, 0.46) than with absolute CD4 count (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>value, 0.09). While additional experiments are necessary to delineate the precise immunologic role of RTF, our current data suggest that RTF expression during HIV infection may be a useful marker of immune activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.6.2.193-198.1999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T19:22:08Z","timestamp":1577820128000},"page":"193-198","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Increased Expression of Regeneration and Tolerance Factor in Individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Brian K.","family":"DuChateau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Clinical Immunology Laboratory and Department of Microbiology\/Immunology, Finch University of Health Sciences\/The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois 60064,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerald W.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Clinical Immunology Laboratory and Department of Microbiology\/Immunology, Finch University of Health Sciences\/The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois 60064,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maxwell P.","family":"Westerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, Illinois 606082"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth D.","family":"Beaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Clinical Immunology Laboratory and Department of Microbiology\/Immunology, Finch University of Health Sciences\/The Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois 60064,1 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0820691"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00490.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"RR\u201317","article-title":"1993 revised classification system for HIV infection.","volume":"44","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1992","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection. 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