{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T12:24:55Z","timestamp":1773404695043,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,1]],"date-time":"1999-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":936144000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The prevalence of Borna disease virus (BDV)-specific antibodies among patients with psychiatric disorders and healthy individuals has varied in several reports using several different serological assay methods. A reliable and specific method for anti-BDV antibodies needs to be developed to clarify the pathological significance of BDV infections in humans. We developed a new electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) for the antibody to BDV that uses two recombinant proteins of BDV, p40 and p24 (full length). Using this ECLIA, we examined 3,476 serum samples from humans with various diseases and 917 sera from blood donors in Japan for the presence of anti-BDV antibodies. By ECLIA, 26 (3.08%) of 845 schizophrenia patients and 9 (3.59%) of 251 patients with mood disorders were seropositive for BDV. Among 323 patients with other psychiatric diseases, 114 with neurological diseases, 75 with chronic fatigue syndrome, 85 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, 50 with autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosis and 17 with leprosy, there was no positive case except one case each with alcohol addiction, AIDS, and dementia. Although 19 (1.36%) of 1,393 patients with various ocular diseases, 10 (1.09%) of 917 blood donors, and 3 (4.55%) of 66 multitransfused patients were seropositive for BDV-specific antigen, high levels of seroprevalence in schizophrenia patients and young patients (16 to 59 years old) with mood disorders were statistically significant. The immunoreactivity of seropositive sera could be verified for specificity by blocking with soluble p40 and\/or p24 recombinant protein. Anti-p24 antibody was more frequent than p40 antibody in most cases, and in some psychotic patients antibody profiles showed only p40 antibody. Although serum positive for both p40 and p24 antibodies was not found in this study, the p40 ECLIA count in schizophrenia patients was higher than that of blood donors. Furthermore, we examined 90 sera from Japanese feral horses. Antibody profiles of control human samples are similar to that of naturally BDV-infected feral horses. We concluded that BDV infection was associated in some way with psychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.6.5.696-700.1999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T19:23:18Z","timestamp":1577820198000},"page":"696-700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Detection of Borna Disease Virus-Reactive Antibodies from Patients with Psychiatric Disorders and from Horses by Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Kazunari","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Blood Transfusion Service and Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Diagnostic Division, Eisai Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Tsukuba,2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tohru","family":"Naraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Diagnostic Division, Eisai Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Tsukuba,2"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruriko","family":"Igata-Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Kumamoto City Public Health Office, Kumamoto,3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Shiraki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 4-->Fukuoka Red Cross Blood Center, Fukuoka,4"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoichiro","family":"Horii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 5-->Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki,5"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshinori","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Blood Transfusion Service and Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 6-->Department of Ultrastructure and Histochemistry, Tokyo Institute of Psychiatry, Tokyo,6"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Asou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Blood Transfusion Service and Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Okabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Blood Transfusion Service and Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Mochizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 7-->Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume,7"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 8-->Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Medical College, Fukushima,8"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shogo","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 9-->Department of Psychiatric Medicine, Kyushu University School of Medicine, Fukuoka,9 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaori","family":"Kubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 10-->Department of Neuropsychiatry and Virology, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima,10 Japan;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Yashiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 10-->Department of Neuropsychiatry and Virology, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, Kagoshima,10 Japan;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"II","given":"Royce W.","family":"Waltrip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 11-->Department of Psychiatry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi11; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Carbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 12-->Division of Viral Products, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, D.C.12"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1985.01790340077011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.3.5.590-593.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/37.9.1534"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bode\nL.\nHuman infections with Borna disease virus and potential pathogenic implications\nCurrent topics in microbiology and immunology. Borna disease.\nKoprowski\nH.\nLipkin\nW. 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Yoshiki M. Matsuoka H. Okabe Y. Horii Y. Nawa R. W. Waltrip II and K. M. Carbone. Synthetic peptide-based electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for measuring of anti-Borna disease virus p40 and p24 antibody in rat and horse sera. Ann. Clin. Biochem. in press."}],"container-title":["Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CDLI.6.5.696-700.1999","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CDLI.6.5.696-700.1999","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T04:13:37Z","timestamp":1645589617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CDLI.6.5.696-700.1999"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CDLI.6.5.696-700.1999"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cdli.6.5.696-700.1999","relation":{},"ISSN":["1071-412X","1098-6588"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1071-412X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6588","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1999-01-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-06-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-09-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}