{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:43:07Z","timestamp":1789382587703,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,11,1]],"date-time":"1999-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":941414400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>We previously identified a protein that was stimulatory for malignant Se\u0301zary T cells, termed Se\u0301zary T-cell activating factor (SAF). However, the identity of this protein has not been fully elucidated, nor has it\u2019s role been determined in the pathogenesis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). The basis for epidermotropism and proliferation of malignant cells in the skin of patients with CTCL is unknown. Using a monoclonal antibody inhibitory for SAF activity, we demonstrated that SAF is present in the skin of 16 of 27 samples from patients with mycosis fungoides, the predominant form of CTCL. In this report, the SAF determinant is demonstrated to be associated with<jats:italic>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>bacteria by immunohistochemistry, immunoelectron microscopy, and culture analysis. Reactivity of antibodies against an outer membrane protein of<jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>or against the lipopolysaccharide of<jats:italic>Chlamydiae<\/jats:italic>spp. demonstrated that these determinants are coexpressed in 90% of the SAF-positive samples. We confirmed the presence of<jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>DNA and RNA in the skin by PCR and reverse transcription-PCR and by sequence analysis of the PCR products. The expression of the<jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>antigens and SAF appears to be associated with active disease in that<jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>antigens were absent or greatly diminished in the skin of three patients examined after Psoralen and long-wave UVA radiation treatment. Our results suggest that SAF is a<jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>-associated protein and that further investigation is warranted to determine whether SAF and<jats:italic>C. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>play a role in the pathogenesis of CTCL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.6.6.895-905.1999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T19:24:13Z","timestamp":1577820253000},"page":"895-905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Se\u0301zary T-Cell Activating Factor Is a<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae<\/i>-Associated Protein"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"J. Todd","family":"Abrams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Dermatology1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Vonderheid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Dermatology1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonya","family":"Kolbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Departments of Dermatology1 and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denah M.","family":"Appelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,2 Medical College of Pennsylvania and Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102-1192"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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