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Lymphocyte proliferative responses, phenotypic characterization of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>-reactive T cells, and cytokine production were assayed. Patients with active ML and CL showed higher proportions of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>than CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells. In CL, the healing process was associated with a decrease of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and an increase of CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, leading to similar CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>proportions. This pattern was only seen in ML after long-term therapy. Long-term follow-up of patients with CL showed a positive CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>ratio as observed during the active disease, although the percentages of these T cell subsets were significantly lower. Patients with CL did not show significant differences between gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) production during the period of study. Patients with active ML presented higher IFN-\u03b3 and IL-5 levels compared to patients with active CL. IL-4 was only detected during active disease. Patients long term after cure from ML showed increasing production of IFN-\u03b3, significant decrease of IL-5, and no IL-4 production. Two apparently beneficial immunological parameters were detected in tegumentary leishmaniasis: (i) decreasing proportions of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>-reactive T cells in the absence of IL-4 production associated with cure of CL and ML and (ii) decreasing levels of IL-5 long after cure, better detected in patients with ML. The observed T-cell responses maintained for a long period in healed patients could be relevant for immunoprotection against reinfection and used as a parameter for determining the prognosis of patients and selecting future vaccine preparations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.9.2.251-256.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:58:35Z","timestamp":1027763915000},"page":"251-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["T-Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Patients with Cutaneous or Mucosal Leishmaniasis: Long-Term Evaluation after Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Alda Maria","family":"Da-Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Humoral Immunology, Department of Immunology\/Protozoology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Bittar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Humoral Immunology, Department of Immunology\/Protozoology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marise","family":"Mattos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa Hospital Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel P.","family":"Oliveira-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Pesquisa Hospital Evandro Chagas, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Humoral Immunology, Department of Immunology\/Protozoology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Pinho-Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Humoral Immunology, Department of Immunology\/Protozoology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rilza Beatriz","family":"Azeredo-Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Humoral Immunology, Department of Immunology\/Protozoology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio G.","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Humoral Immunology, Department of Immunology\/Protozoology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.4.1760-1764.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.5.3232-3239.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4467","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.9.4467","volume":"159","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brodskyn, C. 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