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Their spleens were removed at the time of sacrifice, and separate spleen cell suspensions were prepared and tested in vitro for their ability to kill two bacterial pathogens,<jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi.<\/jats:italic>After the bacteria were mixed separately with various concentrations of spleen cells, it was found that spleen cells from the ethanol-treated rats killed fewer bacteria than matching pair-fed controls, based on counts of the number of cultured CFU (for<jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>) or based on microscopic examination (for<jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>). For the in vivo studies, ethanol-treated and control rats were infected intraperitoneally with<jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>, and then, 1 to 3 days later, they were assessed for systemic infection based on the numbers of organisms present in their livers and spleens. Numbers of bacterial CFU for both organs were significantly higher in the group fed ethanol for the first 2 days after listerial challenge. These results support the concept that acute exposure to high levels of ethanol can impair host defense mechanisms, especially those expressed at the cellular level, which could lead to increased susceptibility to certain types of infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.9.2.282-286.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:58:35Z","timestamp":1027763915000},"page":"282-286","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impaired Bactericidal Activity and Host Resistance to<i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>and<i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>in Rats Administered an Acute Oral Regimen of Ethanol"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Charles S.","family":"Pavia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia M.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Kavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine of the New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York 11568"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)31249-4","volume":"68","year":"1984","unstructured":"Adams, H. 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