{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T15:31:05Z","timestamp":1762270265905},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]],"date-time":"2002-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1025481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            A diagnostic method has been developed to detect anti-\n            <jats:italic>Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic>\n            immunoglobulin G (IgG) in urine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In measuring anti-\n            <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n            IgG, IgA, and IgM in urine, the method performed best in the detection of IgG. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were determined with panels of urine samples from 62 visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients, 59 healthy controls from areas of endemicity, 53 healthy controls from areas of nonendemicity, 59 malaria patients, 13 tuberculosis patients, 23 cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, and 7 patients with other diseases. Using\n            <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n            promastigote crude antigen, the test had 93.5% sensitivity (58 positives of 62 VL patient samples) and 89.3% specificity (191 negatives of 214 non-VL patient samples). The ELISA with acetone-treated\n            <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n            promastigote antigen raised the sensitivity and specificity to 95.0 and 95.3%, respectively. Western blot analysis revealed that most of the samples that cross-reacted with crude antigen in ELISA did not recognize any antigenic component of\n            <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n            crude antigen. We also checked 40 serum samples from the same group of VL patients for anti-\n            <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n            IgG and got 90.0% sensitivity with both crude and acetone-treated antigens. As collection of urine is much easier than collection of serum, the detection of anti-\n            <jats:italic>L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n            IgG in urine with acetone-treated antigen will be useful in epidemiological studies. It could be an adjunct of laboratory diagnosis.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.9.4.789-794.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,28]],"date-time":"2002-07-28T23:07:23Z","timestamp":1027897643000},"page":"789-794","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Urine Samples"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Zahidul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Shamsuzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rusella","family":"Mirza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farzana","family":"Matin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iftikhar","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. K. M.","family":"Shamsuzzaman Choudhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Akram","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xu-Guang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nilufar","family":"Begam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Furuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Animals, Kochi Medical University, Nangoku, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judson L.","family":"Leafasia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solomon Islands Medical Training and Research Institute, Honiara, Solomon Islands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshihisa","family":"Hashiguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eisaku","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"184","volume":"123","year":"1989","unstructured":"Addy, M., D. 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