{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,13]],"date-time":"2024-07-13T06:32:13Z","timestamp":1720852333453},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,1]],"date-time":"2002-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1036108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Vaccine Immunol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Syphilitic plasma can be salvaged from discarded blood donations and converted to serum by defibrination. Sixty-nine units of plasma were treated with a stock solution of 100 U of thrombin per ml in 1 M calcium chloride and then with a 10% (wt\/vol) solution of kaolin. Fibrinogen concentrations detected in initial plasma samples ranged from 94 to 4,970 mg\/liter (mean, 2,532 mg\/liter) for samples that were reactive by the rapid plasma reagin circle card test (RPR) and from 314 to 2,742 mg\/liter (mean 1,528 mg\/liter) for samples that were not reactive by the RPR. The treated samples showed no measurable fibrinogen remaining after the defibrination process. In the nontreponemal RPR for syphilis, 86% of the treated plasma samples retained the same endpoint titer as that of the initial plasma sample. When the\n            <jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n            passive-particle-agglutination test was used, 98% retained the same reactivity. In the Captia Syphilis-G enzyme immunoassay, 89% of the treated samples demonstrated no change in reactivity index, and in the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test, 96% showed no reduction in fluorescence. Human sera containing antibodies to syphilis are used at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the preparation of reference controls or as samples for proficiency testing. Finding reactive sera is becoming more difficult due to the general decline of syphilis cases in the United States. The decreasing availability of these sera can be alleviated by salvaging plasma and converting it to serum.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.9.6.1376-1378.2002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,1]],"date-time":"2002-11-01T19:04:24Z","timestamp":1036177464000},"page":"1376-1378","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Defibrination of Blood Plasma for Use in Serological Tests for Syphilis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Arnold R.","family":"Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Syphilis and Chlamydia Branch, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Kikkert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syphilis and Chlamydia Branch, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martha B.","family":"Fears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syphilis and Chlamydia Branch, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Pope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syphilis and Chlamydia Branch, Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","unstructured":"Johnstone A. and R. Thorpe (ed.). 1987. Immunochemistry in practice 2nd ed. p. 34. Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford United Kingdom."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","first-page":"551","volume":"34","year":"1968","unstructured":"Lantz, M. A., and V. H. Falcone. 1968. The necessity for heating sera for the VDRL slide test. Am. J. Med. Technol.34:551-556.","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Technol."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","unstructured":"Larsen S. A. V. Pope R. E. Johnson and E. J. Kennedy Jr. (ed.). 1998. A manual of tests for syphilis 9th ed. p. 223-245 363-378. American Public Health Association Washington D.C."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5375.353","volume":"281","year":"1998","unstructured":"St. Louis, M. E., and J. N. Wasserheit. 1998. Elimination of syphilis in the United States. Science281:353-354.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","unstructured":"University of Alberta. 2000. Clotting cascade & current concepts of blood coagulation. [Online.] http:\/\/brie.medlabscience.med.ualberta.ca\/mlsci\/235\/clotcascade.html\n."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","unstructured":"Vengelen-Tyler V. (ed.). 1999. Technical manual 13th ed. p. 149-159. American Association of Blood Banks Bethesda Md."},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","first-page":"48","volume":"15","year":"1970","unstructured":"Wotkuh-Wocadkuu, B. A. 1970. Defibrination of blood plasma for obtaining hemagglutinating sera. Probl. Gematol. Pereliv. Krovi15:48-49.","journal-title":"Probl. Gematol. Pereliv. Krovi"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Vaccine Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CDLI.9.6.1376-1378.2002","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/CDLI.9.6.1376-1378.2002","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T20:32:52Z","timestamp":1627590772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/CDLI.9.6.1376-1378.2002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/CDLI.9.6.1376-1378.2002"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cdli.9.6.1376-1378.2002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-6811","1556-679X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-6811","type":"print"},{"value":"1556-679X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2002-04-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-08-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}