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The latter factors include adhesion, the influence of hormones, motility, possible toxin production, and immunological responses. The preferred site of colonization, together with current detection procedures, mainly by PCR technology, is discussed. The relationships between<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. genitalium<\/jats:named-content>and various diseases are highlighted. These diseases include acute and chronic nongonococcal urethritis, balanoposthitis, chronic prostatitis, and acute epididymitis in men and urethritis, bacterial vaginosis, vaginitis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and reproductive disease in women. A causative relationship, or otherwise strong association, between several of these diseases and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. genitalium<\/jats:named-content>is apparent, and the extent of this, on a subjective basis, is presented; also provided is a comparison between<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. genitalium<\/jats:named-content>and two other genital tract-orientated mollicutes, namely,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:named-content>, the first mycoplasma of human origin to be discovered, and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ureaplasma<\/jats:named-content>species. Also discussed is the relationship between<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. genitalium<\/jats:named-content>and infertility and also arthritis in both men and women, as is infection in homosexual and immunodeficient patients. Decreased immunity, as in HIV infections, may enhance mycoplasmal detection and increase disease severity. Finally, aspects of the antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">M. genitalium<\/jats:named-content>, together with the treatment and possible prevention of mycoplasmal disease, are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00006-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,6]],"date-time":"2011-07-06T22:24:39Z","timestamp":1309991079000},"page":"498-514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":469,"title":["Mycoplasma genitalium: from Chrysalis to Multicolored Butterfly"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Taylor-Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, Paddington, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rgen Skov","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycoplasma Laboratory, Division of Microbiology, Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2003.03518.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.012062"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.022970"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","first-page":"256","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium detection and correlation with clinical manifestations in population of the Zulia State, Venezuela","volume":"25","author":"Arraiz R. 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